青少年身体活动的减少与心理健康的变化无关。
Decline in physical activity during adolescence is not associated with changes in mental health.
作者信息
Van Dijk Martin L, Savelberg Hans H C M, Verboon Peter, Kirschner Paul A, De Groot Renate H M
机构信息
Welten Institute, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands.
Fontys Sporthogeschool, School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Apr 7;16:300. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2983-3.
BACKGROUND
The majority of studies investigating associations between physical activity and mental health in adolescents have been cross-sectional in design. Potential associations between physical activity and mental health may be better examined longitudinally as physical activity levels tend to decrease in adolescence. Few studies have investigated these associations longitudinally in adolescents and none by measuring physical activity objectively.
METHODS
A total of 158 Dutch adolescents (mean age 13.6 years, 38.6% boys, grades 7 and 9 at baseline) participated in this longitudinal study. Physical activity, depressive symptoms and self-esteem were measured at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up. Physical activity was objectively measured with an ActivPAL3™ accelerometer during one full week. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Results were analysed using structural equation modelling.
RESULTS
Physical activity levels decreased 15.3% over a 1-year period (p < .001), with significantly (p = .001) greater decreases during grade 7 (-20.7%) than during grade 9 (-5.0%). Overall, depressive symptoms decreased (-12.1%, p < .001) over a 1-year period, while self-esteem did not change significantly (+2.9%, p = .066). Higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline predicted a greater decline in depressive symptoms (β = -.51, p < .001) and higher levels of self-esteem at baseline predicted a smaller increase in self-esteem (β = -.48, p < .001). The decline in physical activity did not appear to predict any change in depressive symptoms and self-esteem.
CONCLUSION
The decline in physical activity over a 1-year period during adolescence is not associated with a change in mental health. Further studies in adolescents aiming to investigate whether a change in physical activity is associated with a change in mental health should control for baseline levels of mental health and academic year differences.
背景
大多数调查青少年身体活动与心理健康之间关联的研究在设计上都是横断面研究。由于青少年时期身体活动水平往往会下降，因此身体活动与心理健康之间的潜在关联可能通过纵向研究能得到更好的检验。很少有研究在青少年中纵向调查这些关联，而且没有一项研究是通过客观测量身体活动来进行的。
方法
共有158名荷兰青少年（平均年龄13.6岁，38.6%为男孩，基线时处于7年级和9年级）参与了这项纵向研究。在基线和1年随访时测量身体活动、抑郁症状和自尊。在整整一周内使用ActivPAL3™加速度计客观测量身体活动。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）测量抑郁症状，并用罗森伯格自尊量表（RSE）评估自尊。使用结构方程模型分析结果。
结果
身体活动水平在1年期间下降了15.3%（p < 0.001），7年级期间（-20.7%）的下降幅度显著（p = 0.001）大于9年级期间（-5.0%）。总体而言，抑郁症状在1年期间有所下降（-12.1%，p < 0.001），而自尊没有显著变化（+2.9%，p = 0.066）。基线时较高的抑郁症状水平预示着抑郁症状的更大下降（β = -0.51，p < 0.001），基线时较高的自尊水平预示着自尊的较小增加（β = -0.48，p < 0.001）。身体活动的下降似乎并未预示抑郁症状和自尊有任何变化。
结论
青少年在1年期间身体活动的下降与心理健康的变化无关。旨在调查身体活动变化是否与心理健康变化相关的青少年进一步研究应控制心理健康的基线水平和学年差异。
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