Gilles-Stein S, Beck I, Chaker A, Bas M, McIntyre M, Cifuentes L, Petersen A, Gutermuth J, Schmidt-Weber C, Behrendt H, Traidl-Hoffmann C
Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Augsburg, Germany.
ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2016 Oct;46(10):1355-65. doi: 10.1111/cea.12739. Epub 2016 May 18.
Besides allergens, pollen release bioactive, low molecular weight compounds that modulate and stimulate allergic reactions. Clinical relevance of these substances has not been investigated to date.
To elucidate the effect of a non-allergenic, low molecular weight factors from aqueous birch pollen extracts (Bet-APE < 3 kDa) on the human allergic immune response in vivo.
Birch and grass pollen allergic individuals underwent skin prick testing with allergen alone, allergen plus Bet-APE < 3 kDa, or allergen plus pre-identified candidate substances from low molecular pollen fraction. Nasal allergen challenges were performed in non-atopic and pollen allergic individuals using a 3 day repeated threshold challenge battery. Subjects were either exposed to allergen alone or to allergen plus Bet-APE< 3 kDa. Local cytokine levels, nasal secretion weights, nasal congestion and symptom scores were determined.
Skin prick test reactions to pollen elicited larger weals when allergens were tested together with the low molecular weight compounds from pollen. Similar results were obtained with candidate pollen-associated lipid mediators. In nasal lining fluids of allergic patients challenged with allergen plus Bet-APE < 3 kDa, IL-8 and IgE was significantly increased as compared to allergen-only challenged patients. These patients also produced increased amounts of total nasal secretion and reported more severe rhinorrhea than the allergen-only challenged group.
Low molecular compounds from pollen enhance the allergen specific immune response in the skin and nose. They are therefore of potential clinical relevance in allergic patients.
除了过敏原外，花粉还会释放具有生物活性的低分子量化合物，这些化合物可调节和刺激过敏反应。迄今为止，尚未对这些物质的临床相关性进行研究。
阐明桦树花粉水提取物中一种非过敏性低分子量因子（Bet-APE < 3 kDa）对体内人类过敏性免疫反应的影响。
桦树花粉和草花粉过敏个体分别接受单独过敏原、过敏原加Bet-APE < 3 kDa或过敏原加低分子量花粉组分中预先鉴定的候选物质的皮肤点刺试验。使用为期3天的重复阈值激发试验组，对非特应性个体和花粉过敏个体进行鼻过敏原激发试验。受试者要么单独暴露于过敏原，要么暴露于过敏原加Bet-APE < 3 kDa。测定局部细胞因子水平、鼻分泌物重量、鼻充血和症状评分。
当过敏原与花粉中的低分子量化合物一起检测时，对花粉的皮肤点刺试验反应会引起更大的风团。候选花粉相关脂质介质也得到了类似的结果。与仅接受过敏原激发的患者相比，在接受过敏原加Bet-APE < 3 kDa激发的过敏患者的鼻黏膜液中，IL-8和IgE显著增加。这些患者的鼻分泌物总量也增加，并且报告的鼻漏比仅接受过敏原激发的组更严重。
花粉中的低分子量化合物可增强皮肤和鼻腔中过敏原特异性免疫反应。因此，它们在过敏患者中具有潜在的临床相关性。
