Jones Jermaine D, Vadhan Nehal P, Luba Rachel R, Comer Sandra D
a Division on Substance Abuse , New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.
b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , Stony Brook School of Medicine , Stony Brook , NY , USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2016 Aug;38(6):709-20. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1156652. Epub 2016 Apr 10.
Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and continued use despite negative consequences. Behavioral impulsivity is a strong predictor of the initiation and maintenance of drug addiction. Preclinical data suggest that heroin may exacerbate impulsive characteristics in an individual but this has yet to be assessed in clinical samples. The current secondary data analysis sought to investigate the effects of heroin on impulsivity along with the effects of exposure to drug cues. Using the current data set, we also tentatively assessed the etiological relationship between impulsivity and heroin abuse. Sixteen heroin-dependent participants were recruited to complete Immediate Memory Task/Delayed Memory Task (IMT/DMT) and GoStop tasks following repeated heroin administration, following acute heroin administration, and following a drug cue exposure session. Four preceding days of active heroin availability, compared to four preceding days of placebo drug availability, increased impulsivity assessed using the IMT and DMT. Presentation of drug cues similarly acted to increase impulsivity assessments on all three tasks. It also appears that heavier users were more susceptible to the influence of drug cues on impulsivity. The present study represents a step toward a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between opioid abuse and impulsivity. A better understanding of these factors could provide critical insight into the maintenance of heroin use and relapse.
药物成瘾是一种慢性复发性疾病，其特征是尽管有负面后果仍强迫性地寻求药物并持续使用。行为冲动是药物成瘾起始和维持的有力预测指标。临床前数据表明，海洛因可能会加剧个体的冲动特质，但这一点尚未在临床样本中得到评估。当前的二次数据分析旨在研究海洛因对冲动性的影响以及接触药物线索的影响。利用当前的数据集，我们还初步评估了冲动性与海洛因滥用之间的病因关系。招募了16名海洛因依赖参与者，在重复给予海洛因后、急性给予海洛因后以及药物线索暴露期后完成即时记忆任务/延迟记忆任务（IMT/DMT）和停止信号任务。与前四天给予安慰剂药物相比，前四天可获得活性海洛因会增加使用IMT和DMT评估的冲动性。呈现药物线索同样会增加所有三项任务的冲动性评估。似乎使用量较大的使用者更容易受到药物线索对冲动性的影响。本研究朝着更全面地理解阿片类药物滥用与冲动性之间的相互作用迈出了一步。更好地理解这些因素可以为海洛因使用的维持和复发提供关键见解。
