Hudson Lauren E, McDermott Courtney D, Stewart Taryn P, Hudson William H, Rios Daniel, Fasken Milo B, Corbett Anita H, Lamb Tracey J
Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Apr 11;11(4):e0153351. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153351. eCollection 2016.
The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii has been shown to ameliorate disease severity in the context of many infectious and inflammatory conditions. However, use of S. boulardii as a prophylactic agent or therapeutic delivery vector would require delivery of S. boulardii to a healthy, uninflamed intestine. In contrast to inflamed mucosal tissue, the diverse microbiota, intact epithelial barrier, and fewer inflammatory immune cells within the healthy intestine may all limit the degree to which S. boulardii contacts and influences the host mucosal immune system. Understanding the nature of these interactions is crucial for application of S. boulardii as a prophylactic agent or therapeutic delivery vehicle. In this study, we explore both intrinsic and immunomodulatory properties of S. boulardii in the healthy mucosal immune system. Genomic sequencing and morphological analysis of S. boulardii reveals changes in cell wall components compared to non-probiotic S. cerevisiae that may partially account for probiotic functions of S. boulardii. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry demonstrate limited S. boulardii association with murine Peyer's patches. We also show that although S. boulardii induces a systemic humoral immune response, this response is small in magnitude and not directed against S. boulardii itself. RNA-seq of the draining mesenteric lymph nodes indicates that even repeated administration of S. boulardii induces few transcriptional changes in the healthy intestine. Together these data strongly suggest that interaction between S. boulardii and the mucosal immune system in the healthy intestine is limited, with important implications for future work examining S. boulardii as a prophylactic agent and therapeutic delivery vehicle.
益生菌酵母布拉迪酵母已被证明在许多感染性和炎症性疾病中可减轻疾病严重程度。然而，将布拉迪酵母用作预防剂或治疗性递送载体需要将其递送至健康、未发炎的肠道。与发炎的黏膜组织相比，健康肠道中多样的微生物群、完整的上皮屏障以及较少的炎性免疫细胞可能都会限制布拉迪酵母与宿主黏膜免疫系统接触并产生影响的程度。了解这些相互作用的本质对于将布拉迪酵母用作预防剂或治疗性递送载体至关重要。在本研究中，我们探讨了布拉迪酵母在健康黏膜免疫系统中的内在特性和免疫调节特性。对布拉迪酵母的基因组测序和形态分析显示，与非益生菌酿酒酵母相比，其细胞壁成分发生了变化，这可能部分解释了布拉迪酵母的益生菌功能。流式细胞术和免疫组织化学表明，布拉迪酵母与小鼠派尔集合淋巴结的结合有限。我们还表明，尽管布拉迪酵母可诱导全身性体液免疫反应，但这种反应的程度较小，且并非针对布拉迪酵母本身。引流肠系膜淋巴结的RNA测序表明，即使反复施用布拉迪酵母，在健康肠道中也只会引起很少的转录变化。这些数据共同强烈表明，布拉迪酵母与健康肠道黏膜免疫系统之间的相互作用有限，这对未来将布拉迪酵母用作预防剂和治疗性递送载体的研究具有重要意义。
