School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University , Pullman, WA , USA.
Front Public Health. 2016 Mar 29;4:52. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00052. eCollection 2016.
Conclusions of epidemiological studies describing adverse health effects as a result of exposure to electromagnetic fields are not unanimous and often contradictory. It has been proposed that an explanation could be that high-frequency voltage transients [dirty electricity (DE)] which are superimposed on 50/60-Hz fields, but are generally not measured, are the real causal agent. DE has been linked to many different health and wellbeing effects, and on the basis of this, an industry selling measurement and filtering equipment is growing. We reviewed the available peer-reviewed evidence for DE as a causal agent for adverse human health effects. A literature search was performed in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and additional publications were obtained from reference lists and from the gray literature. This search resulted in 25 publications; 16 included primary epidemiological and/or exposure data. All studies were reviewed by both authors independently, and including a re-review of studies included in a review of data available up to July 31, 2009 by one of the authors. DE has been measured differently in different studies and comparison data are not available. There is no evidence for 50 Graham/Stetzer (GS) units as a safety threshold being anything more than arbitrary. The epidemiological evidence on human health effects of DE is primarily based on, often re-used, case descriptions. Quantitative evidence relies on self-reporting in non-blinded interventions, ecological associations, and one cross-sectional cohort study of cancer risk, which does not point to DE as the causal agent. The available evidence for DE as an exposure affecting human health at present does not stand up to scientific scrutiny.
结论 描述因接触电磁场而产生不良健康影响的流行病学研究结果并不一致，且往往相互矛盾。有人提出，高频电压瞬变（“脏电”）可能是真正的原因，这些瞬变叠加在 50/60Hz 场之上，但通常无法测量。脏电与许多不同的健康和幸福感影响有关，基于此，一个销售测量和过滤设备的行业正在发展壮大。我们回顾了关于脏电作为人类健康不良影响的因果因素的现有同行评议证据。在 Cochrane 图书馆、PubMed、Web of Science、Google Scholar 中进行了文献检索，并从参考文献和灰色文献中获得了其他出版物。这一搜索共产生了 25 篇出版物；其中 16 篇包含主要的流行病学和/或暴露数据。所有研究均由两位作者独立进行审查，其中一位作者还对截至 2009 年 7 月 31 日的现有数据综述中包含的研究进行了重新审查。不同的研究中对脏电的测量方式不同，且没有可供比较的数据。50 格雷厄姆/斯泰策（GS）单位作为安全阈值的说法，除了任意性之外，没有任何证据支持。关于脏电对人类健康影响的流行病学证据主要基于，通常是重复使用的病例描述。定量证据依赖于非盲干预措施中的自我报告、生态关联以及一项癌症风险的横断面队列研究，但都没有将脏电作为致病因素。目前，关于脏电作为一种影响人类健康的暴露因素的证据，还无法经受住科学审查。
