Short N J, Floyd R B, Norval R A, Sutherst R W
Veterinary Research Laboratory, Causeway, Zimbabwe.
Exp Appl Acarol. 1989 Mar;6(2):123-41. doi: 10.1007/BF01201643.
To determine development rates, fecundity and survival of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Boophilus decoloratus and B. microplus, a study was carried out in long and short grass in the highveld of Zimbabwe. Engorged adult females of the three species and engorged larvae and nymphs of R. appendiculatus were buried beneath the soil in small cages in the rainy, cool and hot seasons in 1980 and 1981. Half the number of cages were examined regularly to determine development rates and half were left undisturbed to determine survival rates and the fecundity of engorged females. Development was most rapid during warm conditions and slowest during cool conditions, but high temperatures appeared to prolong the preoviposition periods of all species. The relationship between fluctuating temperatures and rate of development in the field was defined using a least-squares procedure. Survival of engorged females was usually high, but was reduced by predation when they were not protected. Fecundity was reduced in long grass during the cool season and in short grass during the hot season. A higher percentage of eggs hatched in the rainy season than in the cool or dry seasons. The survival of engorged larvae and nymphs was usually high in all seasons. Engorged nymphs were the hardiest stage and eggs the most suceptible stage to adverse microclimatic conditions.
为了确定津巴布韦高草原长草区和短草区的 appendiculatus 璃眼蜱、decoloratus 牛蜱和微小牛蜱的发育率、繁殖力和存活率，于1980年和1981年在雨季、凉爽季节和炎热季节将这三种饱血成年雌蜱以及 appendiculatus 璃眼蜱的饱血幼虫和若虫埋于小笼子的土壤下。定期检查半数笼子以确定发育率，另一半笼子保持原状以确定存活率和饱血雌蜱的繁殖力。温暖条件下发育最快，凉爽条件下最慢，但高温似乎会延长所有物种的产卵前期。利用最小二乘法确定了野外温度波动与发育率之间的关系。饱血雌蜱的存活率通常较高，但在没有保护措施时会因被捕食而降低。凉爽季节在长草区以及炎热季节在短草区繁殖力会降低。雨季孵化的卵的百分比高于凉爽或干燥季节。饱血幼虫和若虫在所有季节的存活率通常都很高。饱血若虫是最能抵御恶劣小气候条件的阶段，而卵是最易受影响的阶段。
