Hashim Rohasliney, Song Tan Han, Muslim Noor Zuhartini Md, Yen Tan Peck
Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Trop Life Sci Res. 2014 Dec;25(2):21-39.
This study aimed to assess the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in the tissues of fish collected from the lower reach of the Kelantan River, Malaysia. Fishes were collected using gill nets during the dry and wet seasons. A total of 78 individual fish were caught and comprised 6 families, 11 genera and 13 species. The dorsal muscle was analysed using a graphite furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The mean concentration of Cd in Chitala chitala (0.076 mg/kg) was above the critical limit values of the European Commission (EC), World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The mean concentrations of Cd in Barbonymus gonionatus and Tachysurus maculatus were already at the level of concern, whereas the other species were approaching the limits of permissible levels. No fish samples were found to have a Ni level higher than the permissible limit of 0.5-0.6 mg/kg set by the WHO (1985). Osteochilus hasseltii (0.169 mg/kg) and T. maculatus (0.156 mg/kg) showed high Pb concentrations. The concentrations of heavy metals were found to be elevated in the wet season (p<0.05). Omnivorous fish were detected with elevated concentrations of Cd and Ni, whereas carnivorous fish had the highest concentration of Pb. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in fish tissues were positively correlated with fish weight (p<0.05). This study determined that the fish species caught in the Kelantan River were contaminated with non-essential metals (Cd, Ni and Pb). Nevertheless, the heavy metal concentration in the fish tissues, with the exception of C. chitala, O. hasseltii and T. maculatus, did not exceed the EC, FAO, Malaysian Food Act (MFA) or WHO guidelines.
本研究旨在评估从马来西亚吉兰丹河下游采集的鱼类组织中镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）和铅（Pb）的浓度。在旱季和雨季使用刺网捕捞鱼类。共捕获78条个体鱼，分属6科、11属、13种。使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪（AAS）分析背肌。印度骨舌鱼（Chitala chitala）中镉的平均浓度（0.076毫克/千克）高于欧盟委员会（EC）、世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的临界限值。高体波鱼（Barbonymus gonionatus）和斑鳠（Tachysurus maculatus）中镉的平均浓度已达到关注水平，而其他物种接近允许水平的限值。未发现鱼类样本的镍含量高于WHO（1985年）设定的0.5 - 0.6毫克/千克的允许限值。哈氏结鱼（Osteochilus hasseltii，0.169毫克/千克）和斑鳠（0.156毫克/千克）显示出高铅浓度。发现重金属浓度在雨季升高（p<0.05）。杂食性鱼类的镉和镍浓度升高，而肉食性鱼类的铅浓度最高。鱼类组织中镉和铅的浓度与鱼的体重呈正相关（p<0.05）。本研究确定，在吉兰丹河捕获的鱼类物种受到非必需金属（镉、镍和铅）的污染。然而，除印度骨舌鱼、哈氏结鱼和斑鳠外，鱼类组织中的重金属浓度未超过欧盟委员会、粮农组织、马来西亚食品法（MFA）或世界卫生组织的指导方针。
