Forman Evan M, Shaw Jena A, Goldstein Stephanie P, Butryn Meghan L, Martin Lindsay M, Meiran Nachshon, Crosby Ross D, Manasse Stephanie M
Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
Appetite. 2016 Aug 1;103:176-183. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.014. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
Obesity is largely attributable to excess caloric intake, in particular from "junk" foods, including salty snack foods. Evidence suggests that neurobiological preferences to consume highly hedonic foods translate (via implicit processes) into poor eating choices, unless overturned by inhibitory mechanisms or interrupted by explicit processes. The primary aim of the current study was to test the independent and combinatory effects of a computerized inhibitory control training (ICT) and a mindful decision-making training (MDT) designed to facilitate de-automatization.
We randomized 119 habitual salty snack food eaters to one of four short, training conditions: MDT, ICT, both MDT and ICT, or neither (i.e., psychoeducation). For 7 days prior to the intervention and 7 days following the intervention, participants reported on their salty snack food consumption 2 times per day, on 3 portions of their days, using a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment system. Susceptibility to emotional eating cues was measured at baseline.
Results indicated that the effect of MDT was consistent across levels of trait emotional eating, whereas the benefit of ICT was apparent only at lower levels of emotional eating. No synergistic effect of MDT and ICT was detected.
These results provide qualified support for the efficacy of both types of training for decreasing hedonically-motivated eating. Moderation effects suggest that those who eat snack foods for reasons unconnected to affective experiences (i.e., lower in emotional eating) may derive benefit from a combination of ICT and MDT. Future research should investigate the additive benefit of de-automization training to standard weight loss interventions.
肥胖很大程度上归因于热量摄入过多，尤其是来自“垃圾”食品，包括咸味零食。有证据表明，对高享乐性食物的神经生物学偏好（通过内隐过程）会转化为不良的饮食选择，除非被抑制机制推翻或被外显过程打断。本研究的主要目的是测试计算机化抑制控制训练（ICT）和正念决策训练（MDT）的独立及联合效果，这两种训练旨在促进去自动化。
我们将119名习惯性食用咸味零食的人随机分为四种短期训练条件之一：MDT、ICT、MDT和ICT两者都有，或两者都没有（即心理教育）。在干预前7天和干预后7天，参与者使用基于智能手机的生态瞬时评估系统，每天报告3次他们食用咸味零食的情况，每天2次。在基线时测量对情绪化饮食线索的易感性。
结果表明，MDT的效果在特质情绪化饮食的各个水平上是一致的，而ICT的益处仅在较低水平的情绪化饮食中明显。未检测到MDT和ICT的协同效应。
这些结果为两种训练在减少享乐动机性饮食方面的有效性提供了有限的支持。调节效应表明，那些出于与情感体验无关的原因食用零食的人（即情绪化饮食程度较低）可能从ICT和MDT的组合中获益。未来的研究应该调查去自动化训练对标准减肥干预措施的附加益处。
