Nettleton Jodi E, Reimer Raylene A, Shearer Jane
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Physiol Behav. 2016 Oct 1;164(Pt B):488-493. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.029. Epub 2016 Apr 15.
Disruption in the gut microbiota is now recognized as an active contributor towards the development of obesity and insulin resistance. This review considers one class of dietary additives known to influence the gut microbiota that may predispose susceptible individuals to insulin resistance - the regular, long-term consumption of low-dose, low calorie sweeteners. While the data are controversial, mounting evidence suggests that low calorie sweeteners should not be dismissed as inert in the gut environment. Sucralose, aspartame and saccharin, all widely used to reduce energy content in foods and beverages to promote satiety and encourage weight loss, have been shown to disrupt the balance and diversity of gut microbiota. Fecal transplant experiments, wherein microbiota from low calorie sweetener consuming hosts are transferred into germ-free mice, show that this disruption is transferable and results in impaired glucose tolerance, a well-known risk factor towards the development of a number of metabolic disease states. As our understanding of the importance of the gut microbiota in metabolic health continues to grow, it will be increasingly important to consider the impact of all dietary components, including low calorie sweeteners, on gut microbiota and metabolic health.
肠道微生物群的紊乱现在被认为是导致肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的一个积极因素。这篇综述探讨了一类已知会影响肠道微生物群的膳食添加剂，这类添加剂可能使易感个体易患胰岛素抵抗，即长期规律食用低剂量、低热量甜味剂。尽管数据存在争议，但越来越多的证据表明，低热量甜味剂在肠道环境中不应被视为惰性物质。三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜和糖精都被广泛用于降低食品和饮料中的能量含量，以促进饱腹感和鼓励减肥，研究表明它们会破坏肠道微生物群的平衡和多样性。粪便移植实验表明，将食用低热量甜味剂的宿主的微生物群转移到无菌小鼠体内后，这种紊乱是可转移的，并会导致葡萄糖耐量受损，而葡萄糖耐量受损是许多代谢疾病状态发展的一个众所周知的风险因素。随着我们对肠道微生物群在代谢健康中的重要性的理解不断加深，考虑所有膳食成分（包括低热量甜味剂）对肠道微生物群和代谢健康的影响将变得越来越重要。
