Tian Jia, Chen Lan, Zhang Dan-Wei, Liu Yi, Li Zhan-Ting
Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2016 May 11;52(38):6351-62. doi: 10.1039/c6cc02331b. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
The development of homogeneous, water-soluble periodic self-assembled structures comprise repeating units that produce porosity in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) spaces has become a topic of growing interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Such novel self-assembled entities, known as supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs), are the result of programmed host-guest interactions, which allows for the thermodynamically controlled generation of monolayer sheets or a diamondoid architecture with regular internal cavities or pores under mild conditions. This feature article aims at propagating the conceptually novel SOFs as a new entry into conventional supramolecular polymers. In the first section, we will describe the background of porous solid frameworks and supramolecular polymers. We then introduce the self-assembling behaviour of several multitopic flexible molecules, which is closely related to the design of periodic SOFs from rigid multitopic building blocks. This is followed by a brief discussion of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-encapsulation-enhanced aromatic stacking in water. The three-component host-guest pattern based on this stacking motif has been utilized to drive the formation of most of the new SOFs. In the following two sections, we will highlight the main advances in the construction of 2D and 3D SOFs and the related functional aspects. Finally, we will offer our opinions on future directions for both structures and functions. We hope that this article will trigger the interest of researchers in the field of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science, which should help accelerate the applications of this new family of soft self-assembled organic frameworks.
由重复单元构成的均相、水溶性周期性自组装结构在二维（2D）或三维（3D）空间中产生孔隙，这已成为超分子化学领域中一个越来越受关注的话题。这种新型的自组装实体，即超分子有机框架（SOFs），是程序化主客体相互作用的结果，它允许在温和条件下通过热力学控制生成具有规则内部空腔或孔隙的单层片材或类金刚石结构。这篇专题文章旨在推广概念上新颖的SOFs，将其作为传统超分子聚合物的新成员。在第一部分，我们将描述多孔固体框架和超分子聚合物的背景。然后我们介绍几种多官能团柔性分子的自组装行为，这与由刚性多官能团构建块设计周期性SOFs密切相关。接下来简要讨论葫芦[8]脲（CB[8]）在水中的包封增强芳香堆积。基于这种堆积基序的三元主客体模式已被用于驱动大多数新型SOFs的形成。在接下来的两个部分中，我们将重点介绍二维和三维SOFs构建方面的主要进展以及相关的功能方面。最后，我们将对结构和功能的未来方向发表我们的看法。我们希望这篇文章能激发化学、物理、生物学和材料科学领域研究人员的兴趣，这将有助于加速这种新型软自组装有机框架的应用。
