Han Soon-Ki, Torii Keiko U
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Development. 2016 Apr 15;143(8):1259-70. doi: 10.1242/dev.127712.
Stomata are dispersed pores found in the epidermis of land plants that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. Stomata are formed from progenitor cells, which execute a series of differentiation events and stereotypical cell divisions. The sequential activation of master regulatory basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors controls the initiation, proliferation and differentiation of stomatal cells. Cell-cell communication mediated by secreted peptides, receptor kinases, and downstream mitogen-activated kinase cascades enforces proper stomatal patterning, and an intrinsic polarity mechanism ensures asymmetric cell divisions. As we review here, recent studies have provided insights into the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control stomatal development. These findings have also highlighted striking similarities between plants and animals with regards to their mechanisms of specialized cell differentiation.
气孔是陆地植物表皮中分散的小孔，可促进光合作用的气体交换，同时将水分流失降至最低。气孔由祖细胞形成，祖细胞执行一系列分化事件和定型细胞分裂。主调控碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH）转录因子的顺序激活控制气孔细胞的起始、增殖和分化。由分泌肽、受体激酶和下游丝裂原活化激酶级联介导的细胞间通讯确保了适当的气孔模式，并且内在极性机制确保不对称细胞分裂。正如我们在此回顾的那样，最近的研究提供了对控制气孔发育的内在和外在因素的见解。这些发现还突出了植物和动物在其特化细胞分化机制方面的惊人相似之处。
