Kugino Kenji, Tamaru Shizuka, Hisatomi Yuko, Sakaguchi Tadashi
Division of Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health and Social Welfare Science, Nishikyushu University, Saga, 842-0015, Japan.
PLoS One. 2016 Apr 21;11(4):e0153542. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153542. eCollection 2016.
We investigated whether adding ultrafine (nano-scale) oxygen-carrying bubbles to water concurrently with dissolved carbon-dioxide (CO2) could result in safe, long-duration anesthesia for fish.
To confirm the lethal effects of CO2 alone, fishes were anesthetized with dissolved CO2 in 20°C seawater. Within 30 minutes, all fishes, regardless of species, died suddenly due to CO2-induced narcosis, even when the water was saturated with oxygen. Death was attributed to respiration failure caused by hypoxemia. When ultrafine oxygen-carrying bubbles were supplied along with dissolved CO2, five chicken grunts were able to remain anesthetized for 22 hours and awoke normally within 2-3 hours after cessation of anesthesia.
The high internal pressures and oxygen levels of the ultrafine bubbles enabled efficient oxygen diffusion across the branchia and permitted the organismal oxygen demands of individual anesthetized fish to be met. Thus, we demonstrated a method for safe, long-duration carbon dioxide anesthesia in living fish under normal water temperatures.
我们研究了在水中添加超细（纳米级）载氧气泡并同时溶解二氧化碳（CO₂）是否能为鱼类带来安全、长效的麻醉效果。
为了确认单独使用CO₂的致死效应，将鱼类置于20°C海水中，用溶解的CO₂进行麻醉。30分钟内，所有鱼类，无论种类如何，即使水中氧气饱和，也会因CO₂诱导的麻醉而突然死亡。死亡归因于低氧血症导致的呼吸衰竭。当与溶解的CO₂一起供应超细载氧气泡时，五条细纹鳟能够被麻醉22小时，并在麻醉停止后2至3小时内正常苏醒。
超细气泡的高内部压力和氧含量使氧气能够有效地通过鳃扩散，满足了单个麻醉鱼类的机体氧气需求。因此，我们证明了一种在正常水温下对活鱼进行安全、长效二氧化碳麻醉的方法。
