Ilham Ilham, Siddik Muhammad Abu Bakar, Fotedar Ravi
Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, 1 Turner Ave Technology Park, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
Department of Aquatic Resources Management & Technology, Jakarta Fisheries University, Jl. AUP Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan, 12520, Indonesia.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016 Dec;174(2):436-447. doi: 10.1007/s12011-016-0708-1. Epub 2016 Apr 22.
Soybean meal (SBM) has been commonly utilised as a substitute for fishmeal (FM) in the diets of several fish species. However, little is known regarding their effects on trace element availability and thus their importance to fish. The present study employed two feeding trials to evaluate the implications of dietary selenium (Se) on the growth, accumulation, antioxidant, and histopathological responses of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer). In the first trial, each of three basal diets containing 0, 15 and 43 % SBM as replacements for 0, 25 and 75 % of FM protein on an isoproteic and isocalorific basis were either supplemented or not supplemented with 2 mg kg organic Se (OS). In the second trial, the potential effect of OS supplementation in a high SBM diet was investigated in a feeding trial with five experimental diets: 75 % SBM protein as replacement of FM was supplemented with 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7 mg OS kg. Growth was independently influenced by the SBM level and the OS supplementation level but not by their interaction. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, haematocrit, Se accumulation and muscle tissue integrity were significantly enhanced in fish fed on OS-supplemented diets. Furthermore, when high SBM was included in diets, elevated Se tended to lower the barramundi's performance. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of OS at 2-3 g kg diet is necessary when high plant protein ingredients are incorporated in the diet, in order to maintain better growth and to afford protection against oxidative stress.
豆粕（SBM）已被广泛用作几种鱼类日粮中鱼粉（FM）的替代品。然而，关于它们对微量元素有效性的影响以及对鱼类的重要性，人们知之甚少。本研究采用两项饲养试验，评估日粮硒（Se）对尖吻鲈幼鱼（尖吻鲈）生长、积累、抗氧化和组织病理学反应的影响。在第一项试验中，三种基础日粮分别含有0、15%和43%的SBM，以等蛋白和等热量为基础替代0、25%和75%的FM蛋白，分别添加或不添加2 mg/kg有机硒（OS）。在第二项试验中，通过一项饲养试验研究了在高SBM日粮中添加OS的潜在效果，该试验有五种试验日粮：用2、3、4、5或7 mg OS/kg补充替代FM的75% SBM蛋白。生长受到SBM水平和OS添加水平的独立影响，但不受它们相互作用的影响。喂食添加OS日粮的鱼，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性、血细胞比容、Se积累和肌肉组织完整性显著增强。此外，当日粮中含有高SBM时，Se含量升高往往会降低尖吻鲈的生长性能。这些发现表明，当日粮中含有高植物蛋白成分时，日粮中添加2-3 g/kg的OS是必要的，以便保持更好的生长并提供抗氧化应激的保护。
