Malik Indira, Wadhwa Rachna
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, Delhi 85, India.
Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2016;2016:9036872. doi: 10.1155/2016/9036872. Epub 2016 Mar 27.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), a minimally invasive method for removal of renal calculi, was initially started in the 1950s but gained popularity about two decades later and has now become standard practice for management. There has been an immense improvement in technique and various guidelines have been established for treatment of renal stones. However, it has its own share of complications which can be attributed to surgical technique as well as anesthesia related complications. PubMed and Google search yielded more than 30 articles describing the different complications seen in this procedure, out of which 15 major articles were selected for writing this review. The aim of this review article is to describe the implications of the complications associated with PCNL related to the anesthesiologist. The anesthesiologist is as much responsible for the management of the patient perioperatively as the surgeon. Therefore, it is mandatory to be familiar with the various complications, some of which may be life threatening and he should be able to manage them efficiently. The paper also analyses the advantages and drawbacks of the available options in anesthesia, that is, general and regional, both of which are employed for PCNL.
经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）是一种用于清除肾结石的微创方法，最初始于20世纪50年代，但大约二十年后才开始普及，现已成为标准的治疗方法。该技术有了巨大的改进，并且已经建立了各种肾结石治疗指南。然而，它也有其自身的并发症，这些并发症可归因于手术技术以及与麻醉相关的并发症。通过PubMed和谷歌搜索，得到了30多篇描述该手术中出现的不同并发症的文章，从中选择了15篇主要文章来撰写本综述。这篇综述文章的目的是描述与PCNL相关的并发症对麻醉医生的影响。麻醉医生在患者围手术期管理中的责任与外科医生一样重大。因此，必须熟悉各种并发症，其中一些可能危及生命，并且他应该能够有效地处理它们。本文还分析了麻醉中可用选择（即全身麻醉和区域麻醉，两者都用于PCNL）的优缺点。
