Beaty Shannon M, Lee Benhur
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Viruses. 2016 Apr 21;8(4):109. doi: 10.3390/v8040109.
Antigenic drift and genetic variation are significantly constrained in measles virus (MeV). Genetic stability of MeV is exceptionally high, both in the lab and in the field, and few regions of the genome allow for rapid genetic change. The regions of the genome that are more tolerant of mutations (i.e., the untranslated regions and certain domains within the N, C, V, P, and M proteins) indicate genetic plasticity or structural flexibility in the encoded proteins. Our analysis reveals that strong constraints in the envelope proteins (F and H) allow for a single serotype despite known antigenic differences among its 24 genotypes. This review describes some of the many variables that limit the evolutionary rate of MeV. The high genomic stability of MeV appears to be a shared property of the Paramyxovirinae, suggesting a common mechanism that biologically restricts the rate of mutation.
在麻疹病毒（MeV）中，抗原漂移和基因变异受到显著限制。无论是在实验室还是在野外，MeV的遗传稳定性都异常高，基因组中很少有区域允许快速的基因变化。基因组中对突变更具耐受性的区域（即非编码区以及N、C、V、P和M蛋白内的某些结构域）表明编码蛋白具有遗传可塑性或结构灵活性。我们的分析表明，尽管其24个基因型之间存在已知的抗原差异，但包膜蛋白（F和H）中的强限制使得只有单一血清型。本综述描述了一些限制MeV进化速率的众多变量。MeV的高基因组稳定性似乎是副粘病毒亚科的一个共同特性，这表明存在一种从生物学上限制突变率的共同机制。
