Depiction of microglial activation in aging and dementia: Positron emission tomography with [C]DPA713 versus [C]( R)PK11195.

The presence of activated microglia in the brains of healthy elderly people is a matter of debate. We aimed to clarify the degree of microglial activation in aging and dementia as revealed by different tracers by comparing the binding potential (BP) in various brain regions using a first-generation translocator protein (TSPO) tracer CPK11195 and a second-generation tracer [C]DPA713. The BP levels, estimated using simplified reference tissue models, were compared among healthy young and elderly individuals and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and were correlated with clinical scores. An analysis of variance showed category-dependent elevation in levels of [C]DPA713 BP in all brain regions and showed a significant increase in the AD group, whereas no significant changes among groups were found when CPK11195 BP was used. Cognito-mnemonic scores were significantly correlated with [C]DPA713 BP levels in many brain regions, whereas CPK11195 BP failed to correlate with the scores. As mentioned elsewhere, the present results confirmed that the second-generation TSPO tracer [C]DPA713 has a greater sensitivity to TSPO in both aging and neuronal degeneration than CPK11195. Positron emission tomography with [C]DPA713 is suitable for the delineation of in vivo microglial activation occurring globally over the cerebral cortex irrespective of aging and degeneration.