Eqani Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah, Khalid Ramsha, Bostan Nazish, Saqib Zafeer, Mohmand Jawad, Rehan Mohammad, Ali Nadeem, Katsoyiannis Ioannis A, Shen Heqing
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Chemosphere. 2016 Jul;155:259-265. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.036. Epub 2016 Apr 27.
The current study aims to determine the dust-borne lead (Pb) levels into outdoor dust, which were collected from the areas nearby the cities/districts of Islamabad and Swat in Pakistan. In general dust samples from all land use settings (industrial, urban and rural) showed significantly higher (p<0.05) Pb-levels (median, ppm) from Islamabad (110, 52, 24) than those of Swat district (75, 37, 21), respectively. Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo values) indicated that industrial and urban areas of both sites were highly polluted due to severe anthropogenic influence, whereas the rural areas were in most parts unpolluted and where moderately polluted, this was mainly due to geological factors and short and/or long distance atmospheric deposition from surrounding polluted areas. According to the calculated chemical daily intake (mg/kg-day) values, dust ingestion is one of the major routes of human exposure for lead. Hazard Index (HI) values, calculated for both adult and children populations, were above unity in industrial and urban areas, indicating serious health risks especially to the children populations.
本研究旨在测定巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡和斯瓦特市/县附近地区采集的室外灰尘中的铅（Pb）含量。总体而言，来自所有土地利用类型（工业、城市和农村）的灰尘样本显示，伊斯兰堡（110、52、24）的铅含量（中位数，ppm）显著高于斯瓦特县（75、37、21）（p<0.05）。地累积指数（Igeo值）表明，由于严重的人为影响，两个地点的工业和城市地区都受到高度污染，而农村地区大部分未受污染，即使有中度污染，主要也是由于地质因素以及来自周边污染地区的短距离和/或长距离大气沉降。根据计算得出的化学物质每日摄入量（mg/kg-天）值，灰尘摄入是人类接触铅的主要途径之一。针对成人和儿童人群计算得出的危害指数（HI）值在工业和城市地区均高于1，表明存在严重的健康风险，尤其是对儿童人群。
