Sieverding Heidi L, Zhao Xianhui, Wei Lin, Stone James J
J Environ Qual. 2016 May;45(3):967-76. doi: 10.2134/jeq2015.06.0313.
As nonfood oilseed varieties are being rapidly developed, new varieties may affect agricultural production efficiency and life-cycle assessment results. Current, detailed feedstock production information is necessary to accurately assess impacts of the biofuel life-cycle. The life-cycle impacts of four nonfood oilseeds (carinata [ L. Braun], camelina [ L. Crantz], canola or rapeseed [ L.], and sunflower [ L.]) were modeled using Argonne National Laboratory's GREET model to compare feedstocks for renewable biojet production using cold-press oil extraction. Only feedstock-related inputs were varied, allowing isolation of feedstock influence. Carinata and camelina performed slightly better than other oilseed crops at most product stages and impact categories as a result of current, low-input agricultural information and new feedstock varieties. Between 40 to 50% of SO and NO emissions, ∼25% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and ∼40% of total energy consumption for the biojet production impact occurred during feedstock production. Within the first standard deviation, total well-to-tank emissions varied between ∼13% (GHG) and ∼35% (SO) for all feedstocks emphasizing the importance of accurate agricultural production information. Nonfood oilseed feedstock properties (e.g., oil content, density) and agricultural management (e.g., fertilization, yield) affect life-cycle assessment results. Using biofuels in feedstock production and focusing on low-impact management would assist producers in improving overall product sustainability.
随着非食用油籽品种的迅速发展，新品种可能会影响农业生产效率和生命周期评估结果。目前，详细的原料生产信息对于准确评估生物燃料生命周期的影响至关重要。使用阿贡国家实验室的GREET模型对四种非食用油籽（卡瑞娜油菜[L. Braun]、亚麻荠[L. Crantz]、油菜籽[L.]和向日葵[L.]）的生命周期影响进行了建模，以比较使用冷榨油提取法生产可再生生物喷气燃料的原料。仅改变与原料相关的输入，以便分离原料的影响。由于当前的低投入农业信息和新的原料品种，卡瑞娜油菜和亚麻荠在大多数产品阶段和影响类别方面的表现略优于其他油籽作物。生物喷气燃料生产影响中约40%至50%的二氧化硫和氮氧化物排放、约25%的温室气体（GHG）排放以及约40%的总能源消耗发生在原料生产阶段。在第一个标准差范围内，所有原料的从井到罐的总排放量在约13%（温室气体）至约35%（二氧化硫）之间变化，这突出了准确农业生产信息的重要性。非食用油籽原料特性（如含油量、密度）和农业管理（如施肥、产量）会影响生命周期评估结果。在原料生产中使用生物燃料并关注低影响管理将有助于生产者提高产品的整体可持续性。
