对医疗服务提供者和研究人员来说，儿童艾滋病毒检测并不简单：南非的法律和政策框架指南。
HIV testing of children is not simple for health providers and researchers: Legal and policy frameworks guidance in South Africa.
作者信息
Van Rooyen Heidi Eve, Strode Ann E, Slack Catherine M
机构信息
Human and Social Development Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa.
出版信息
S Afr Med J. 2016 Mar 30;106(5):37-9. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i5.10484.
Abstract
Antiretroviral treatment coverage for children and adolescents is significantly lower than that for adults. A first step in improving this situation is ensuring increased access to HIV counselling and testing services. Current legal and policy frameworks outline four norms that should inform HIV testing of children in South Africa: limiting HIV testing to defined circumstances, and ensuring that consent is obtained, counselling is provided and confidentiality is maintained. Implementing these norms is not simple. We discuss the challenges and opportunities these norms present for children, their families, health providers and researchers working in this area. Better alignment between evolving public health approaches and the HIV counselling and testing legal/policy frameworks (and the internal coherence of domestic frameworks) would better serve children, their parents and those who work with them.
摘要
儿童和青少年的抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率显著低于成人。改善这种情况的第一步是确保增加获得艾滋病毒咨询和检测服务的机会。当前的法律和政策框架概述了四项规范，这些规范应指导南非儿童的艾滋病毒检测：将艾滋病毒检测限制在特定情况下，并确保获得同意、提供咨询和保持保密。实施这些规范并非易事。我们讨论了这些规范给该领域的儿童、其家庭、医疗服务提供者和研究人员带来的挑战和机遇。不断发展的公共卫生方法与艾滋病毒咨询和检测法律/政策框架（以及国内框架的内部一致性）之间更好地保持一致，将更好地服务于儿童、他们的父母以及与他们一起工作的人。
相似文献
1
HIV testing of children is not simple for health providers and researchers: Legal and policy frameworks guidance in South Africa.对医疗服务提供者和研究人员来说，儿童艾滋病毒检测并不简单：南非的法律和政策框架指南。
S Afr Med J. 2016 Mar 30;106(5):37-9. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i5.10484.
2
Reviewing independent access to HIV testing, counselling and treatment for adolescents in HIV-specific laws in sub-Saharan Africa: implications for the HIV response.审视撒哈拉以南非洲地区针对青少年的艾滋病专门法律中有关独立获得艾滋病检测、咨询和治疗的规定：对艾滋病应对工作的影响
J Int AIDS Soc. 2017 Aug 11;20(1):21456. doi: 10.7448/IAS.20.1.21456.
3
Child consent in South African law: implications for researchers, service providers and policy-makers.南非法律中的儿童同意：对研究人员、服务提供者和政策制定者的影响。
S Afr Med J. 2010 Mar 30;100(4):247-9. doi: 10.7196/samj.3609.
4
Is the absolute requirement for informed consent before HIV testing a barrier to public health? A case report and management challenges.HIV检测前知情同意的绝对要求是否成为公共卫生的障碍？一份病例报告及管理挑战。
Afr J AIDS Res. 2014;13(1):93-8. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2014.901978.
5
I don't know what I am doing because I am doing everything: perceptions and experiences of nurses about HIV counselling and testing among children in Free State Province, South Africa.我不知道自己在做什么，因为我什么都在做：南非自由邦省护士对儿童进行艾滋病毒咨询和检测的认知与经验。
AIDS Care. 2016 Mar;28 Suppl 2(sup2):21-8. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1176670.
6
HIV testing in the critical care setting: views of patients, family members and health providers from urban South Africa.重症监护环境中的HIV检测：南非城市地区患者、家庭成员及医疗服务提供者的观点
AIDS Care. 2015;27(5):581-6. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.987104. Epub 2014 Dec 6.
7
Seeking wider access to HIV testing for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.为撒哈拉以南非洲地区的青少年寻求更广泛的艾滋病毒检测途径。
Pediatr Res. 2016 Jun;79(6):838-45. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.28. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
8
Program synergies and social relations: implications of integrating HIV testing and counselling into maternal health care on care seeking.项目协同效应与社会关系：将艾滋病毒检测与咨询纳入孕产妇保健对寻求护理的影响。
BMC Public Health. 2015 Jan 21;15:24. doi: 10.1186/s12889-014-1336-3.
9
Provider-initiated testing and counselling for HIV - from debate to implementation.由医疗服务提供者发起的HIV检测与咨询——从争论到实施
S Afr Med J. 2010 Mar 30;100(4):220-1. doi: 10.7196/samj.4043.
10
AIDS: some medico-legal aspects.艾滋病：一些法医学方面的问题。
Med Law. 1991;10(2):139-53.
引用本文的文献
1
Implementing 'universal' access to antiretroviral treatment in South Africa: a scoping review on research priorities.在南非实施抗逆转录病毒治疗的“普遍”可及性：研究重点的范围综述
Health Policy Plan. 2021 Jun 25;36(6):923-938. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czaa094.
2
Refining Interventions Through Formative Research: A Focus on Ethical Considerations in a Family-Based Home-Based Counseling and Testing (FBCT) Intervention in KwaZulu-Natal.通过形成性研究改进干预措施：以夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省以家庭为基础的家庭咨询和检测（FBCT）干预中的伦理考虑为重点。
J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2020 Jul;15(3):153-162. doi: 10.1177/1556264619885214. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
3
Family Testing: An Index Case Finding Strategy to Close the Gaps in Pediatric HIV Diagnosis.家庭检测：一种索引病例发现策略，用于缩小儿科艾滋病诊断中的差距。
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Aug 15;78 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S88-S97. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001731.
4
Facilitating access to adolescent sexual and reproductive health services through legislative reform: Lessons from the South African experience.通过立法改革促进青少年获得性健康和生殖健康服务：来自南非的经验教训。
S Afr Med J. 2017 Aug 25;107(9):741-744. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i9.12525.
5
Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Continuum of Care: A Concise Review of Evidence-Based Practice.儿科人类免疫缺陷病毒连续护理：基于证据实践的简要综述。
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;64(4):879-891. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.03.009.
本文引用的文献
1
Amendments to the Sexual Offences Act dealing with consensual underage sex: Implications for doctors and researchers.《性犯罪法》中关于双方自愿的未成年人性行为的修正案：对医生和研究人员的影响
S Afr Med J. 2016 Feb 2;106(3):256-9. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i3.9877.
2
Child research in South Africa: How do the new regulations help?南非的儿童研究：新规定有何帮助？
S Afr Med J. 2015 Nov;105(11):899-900. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2015.v105i11.9838.
3
Ensuring Access to HIV Prevention Services in South African HIV Vaccine Trials: Correspondence Between Guidelines and Practices.确保南非艾滋病疫苗试验中获得艾滋病预防服务：指南与实践之间的对应关系
Public Health Ethics. 2014 Jul;7(2):195-206. doi: 10.1093/phe/phu010.
4
Parents' perceptions of HIV counselling and testing in schools: ethical, legal and social implications.家长对学校艾滋病毒咨询和检测的看法：伦理、法律和社会影响。
S Afr Med J. 2013 Jul 29;104(1):40-2. doi: 10.7196/samj.6645.
5
Maternal HIV disclosure to HIV-uninfected children in rural South Africa: a pilot study of a family-based intervention.南非农村地区母婴 HIV 披露给 HIV 阴性儿童：基于家庭的干预的初步研究。
BMC Public Health. 2013 Feb 18;13:147. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-147.
6
Giving children a chance.
Lancet. 2013 Feb 16;381(9866):507. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60261-5.
7
HIV testing for children in resource-limited settings: what are we waiting for?资源有限环境下儿童的 HIV 检测：我们还在等什么？
PLoS Med. 2010 Jul 20;7(7):e1000285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000285.
8
Child consent in South African law: implications for researchers, service providers and policy-makers.南非法律中的儿童同意：对研究人员、服务提供者和政策制定者的影响。
S Afr Med J. 2010 Mar 30;100(4):247-9. doi: 10.7196/samj.3609.
9
Telling children they have HIV: lessons learned from findings of a qualitative study in sub-Saharan Africa.告知儿童其 HIV 感染状况：来自撒哈拉以南非洲定性研究结果的经验教训。
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010 Apr;24(4):247-56. doi: 10.1089/apc.2009.0217.
10
'What if they ask how I got it?' Dilemmas of disclosing parental HIV status and testing children for HIV in Uganda.“要是他们问我是怎么感染的怎么办？”乌干达披露父母艾滋病毒感染状况及为儿童进行艾滋病毒检测的困境。
Health Policy Plan. 2008 Jan;23(1):36-42. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czm040.
Zotero 插件