Isola Gaetano, Matarese Giovanni, Cordasco Giancarlo, Perillo Letizia, Ramaglia Luca
Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy -
Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Mar 17.
Orthodontic tooth movement differs significantly from the physiological tooth movement, because it effects a biological response of the surrounding tissues of the teeth, resulting in a remodeling of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. The result is a biochemical adaptive response to the application of the orthodontic force with the reorganization of the intracellular and the extracellular matrix, in addition to a change of the local vascularization. This in turn leads to the synthesis and the release of arachidonic acid, growth factors, metabolites, cytokines and various enzymes. Biologically, not only the intensity of the force, but also the duration of this and the tissue response to the application of the same are important for the purpose of tooth movement. Having these insights it will possible to examine the concept of optimal orthodontic force, a determining factor for the success of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this revision is to describe the biological processes and future perspective that occur following the application of orthodontic force, by providing relevant information to understand what are the changes at the molecular and cellular level that undergo when the tissues are subjected to such forces. More knowledge on the subject of mechanics and biology in orthodontics are constantly growing, producing an increasingly strong basis for clinical success.
正畸牙齿移动与生理性牙齿移动有显著差异，因为它会引发牙齿周围组织的生物学反应，导致牙周韧带和牙槽骨的重塑。其结果是对正畸力的施加产生生化适应性反应，伴随着细胞内和细胞外基质的重组，以及局部血管化的改变。这进而导致花生四烯酸、生长因子、代谢产物、细胞因子和各种酶的合成与释放。从生物学角度来看，不仅力的强度，而且力的持续时间以及组织对其施加的反应，对于牙齿移动的目的都很重要。有了这些认识，就有可能审视最佳正畸力的概念，这是正畸治疗成功的一个决定性因素。本次综述的目的是通过提供相关信息来描述正畸力施加后发生的生物学过程和未来前景，以了解当组织受到此类力时在分子和细胞水平上会发生哪些变化。正畸学中关于力学和生物学主题的更多知识在不断增长，为临床成功奠定了越来越坚实的基础。
