Patchin Esther Shin, Anderson Donald S, Silva Rona M, Uyeminami Dale L, Scott Grace M, Guo Ting, Van Winkle Laura S, Pinkerton Kent E
Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Dec;124(12):1870-1875. doi: 10.1289/EHP234. Epub 2016 May 6.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are present in personal, commercial, and industrial products, which are often aerosolized. Current understanding of the deposition, translocation, and health-related impacts of AgNP inhalation is limited.
We determined a) the deposition and retention of inhaled Ag in the nasal cavity from nose-only exposure; b) the timing for Ag translocation to and retention/clearance in the olfactory bulb (OB); and c) whether the presence of Ag in the OB affects microglial activity.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only to citrate-buffered 20- or 110-nm AgNP (C20 or C110, respectively) or citrate buffer alone for 6 hr. The nasal cavity and OB were examined for the presence of Ag and for biological responses up to 56 days post-exposure (8 weeks).
The highest nasal Ag deposition was observed on Day 0 for both AgNP sizes. Inhalation of aerosolized C20 resulted in rapid translocation of Ag to the OB and in microglial activation at Days 0, 1, and 7. In contrast, inhalation of C110 resulted in a gradual but progressive transport of Ag to and retention in the OB, with a trend for microglial activation to variably be above control.
The results of this study show that after rats experienced a 6-hr inhalation exposure to 20- and 110-nm AgNP at a single point in time, Ag deposition in the nose, the rate of translocation to the brain, and subsequent microglial activation in the OB differed depending on AgNP size and time since exposure. Citation: Patchin ES, Anderson DS, Silva RM, Uyeminami DL, Scott GM, Guo T, Van Winkle LS, Pinkerton KE. 2016. Size-dependent deposition, translocation, and microglial activation of inhaled silver nanoparticles in the rodent nose and brain. Environ Health Perspect 124:1870-1875; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP234.
银纳米颗粒（AgNP）存在于个人、商业和工业产品中，这些产品常常会形成气溶胶。目前对于吸入AgNP后的沉积、转运以及与健康相关影响的了解有限。
我们确定了a）仅通过鼻腔暴露吸入的银在鼻腔中的沉积和滞留情况；b）银转运至嗅球（OB）并在其中滞留/清除的时间；c）OB中银的存在是否会影响小胶质细胞活性。
将雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠仅通过鼻腔暴露于柠檬酸盐缓冲的20纳米或110纳米AgNP（分别为C20或C110）或单独的柠檬酸盐缓冲液中6小时。在暴露后长达56天（8周）的时间内，检查鼻腔和OB中银的存在情况以及生物学反应。
两种尺寸的AgNP在第0天均观察到鼻腔内银的最高沉积量。吸入雾化的C20导致银迅速转运至OB，并在第0、1和7天引起小胶质细胞激活。相比之下，吸入C110导致银逐渐但持续地转运至OB并在其中滞留，小胶质细胞激活有高于对照组的趋势。
本研究结果表明，大鼠在单一时间点经历6小时吸入暴露于20纳米和110纳米AgNP后，鼻腔中银的沉积、转运至大脑的速率以及随后OB中的小胶质细胞激活情况因AgNP尺寸和暴露后的时间而异。引文：Patchin ES, Anderson DS, Silva RM, Uyeminami DL, Scott GM, Guo T, Van Winkle LS, Pinkerton KE. 2016. 啮齿动物鼻子和大脑中吸入银纳米颗粒的尺寸依赖性沉积、转运和小胶质细胞激活。环境健康展望124:1870 - 1875；http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP234 。
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