Vyas Ritva, Selph Jacqueline, Gerstenblith Meg R
Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
Semin Oncol. 2016 Jun;43(3):384-9. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.02.031. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Melanoma is a malignancy most commonly arising from the skin; therefore, primary melanoma characteristics are usually the first cutaneous manifestations of melanoma. Cutaneous metastases, which can occur locally or diffusely, are important to detect in a timely manner as treatments for advanced melanoma that impact survival are now available. Melanoma can be associated with local or diffuse pigmentation changes, including depigmentation associated with the leukodermas and hyperpigmentation associated with diffuse melanosis cutis. The leukodermas occur frequently, illustrate the immunogenic nature of melanoma, and may impact prognosis. Paraneoplastic syndromes in association with melanoma are rare, though can occur.
黑色素瘤是一种最常见于皮肤的恶性肿瘤；因此，原发性黑色素瘤的特征通常是黑色素瘤的首批皮肤表现。皮肤转移可局部或广泛发生，及时检测很重要，因为现在已有可影响晚期黑色素瘤患者生存的治疗方法。黑色素瘤可伴有局部或弥漫性色素沉着变化，包括与白斑相关的色素脱失以及与弥漫性皮肤黑变病相关的色素沉着过度。白斑很常见，说明了黑色素瘤的免疫原性本质，且可能影响预后。与黑色素瘤相关的副肿瘤综合征虽少见，但有可能发生。
