Raninen Kaisa J, Lappi Jenni E, Mukkala Maria L, Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka, Mykkänen Hannu M, Poutanen Kaisa S, Raatikainen Olavi J
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
Nutr Res. 2016 Jun;36(6):612-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.008. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Our pilot study examined the potential of exhaled breath analysis in studying the metabolic effects of dietary fiber (DF). We hypothesized that a high-fiber diet (HFD) containing whole grain rye changes volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in exhaled breath and that consuming a single meal affects these levels. Seven healthy men followed a week-long low-fiber diet (17 g/d) and HFD (44 g/d) in a randomized crossover design. A test meal containing 50 g of the available carbohydrates from wheat bread was served as breakfast after each week. Alveolar exhaled breath samples were analyzed at fasting state and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after this meal parallel to plasma glucose, insulin, and serum lipids. We used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detecting changes in 15 VOCs. These VOCs were acetone, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, hexanoic acid, acetoin, diacetyl, and phenol. Exhaled breath 2-methylbutyric acid in the fasting state and 1-propanol at 120 minutes decreased (P = .091 for both) after an HFD. Ingestion of the test meal increased ethanol, 1-propanol, acetoin, propionic acid, and butyric acid levels while reducing acetone, 1-butanol, diacetyl, and phenol levels. Both DF diet content and having a single meal affected breathVOCs. Exploring exhaled breath further could help to develop tools for monitoring the metabolic effects of DF.
我们的初步研究探讨了呼出气分析在研究膳食纤维（DF）代谢效应方面的潜力。我们假设，含有全谷物黑麦的高纤维饮食（HFD）会改变呼出气中的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）水平，且进食一餐会影响这些水平。七名健康男性采用随机交叉设计，先后遵循为期一周的低纤维饮食（17克/天）和高纤维饮食（44克/天）。每周之后，均以含50克来自小麦面包的可利用碳水化合物的测试餐作为早餐。在空腹状态以及该餐进食后30、60和120分钟采集肺泡呼出气样本，并同时检测血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素和血脂。我们使用固相微萃取和气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术检测15种挥发性有机化合物的变化。这些挥发性有机化合物为丙酮、乙醇、1 - 丙醇、2 - 丙醇、1 - 丁醇、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、2 - 甲基丁酸、己酸、乙偶姻、双乙酰和苯酚。高纤维饮食后，空腹状态下的呼出气2 - 甲基丁酸以及120分钟时的1 - 丙醇水平均有所下降（两者P值均为0.091）。进食测试餐会使乙醇、1 - 丙醇、乙偶姻、丙酸和丁酸水平升高，同时降低丙酮、1 - 丁醇、双乙酰和苯酚水平。膳食纤维饮食含量和进食一餐均会影响呼出气挥发性有机化合物。进一步探索呼出气有助于开发监测膳食纤维代谢效应的工具。
