Schilthuizen Menno, Santos Pimenta Lúcia P, Lammers Youri, Steenbergen Peter J, Flohil Marco, Beveridge Nils G P, van Duijn Pieter T, Meulblok Marjolein M, Sosef Nils, van de Ven Robin, Werring Ralf, Beentjes Kevin K, Meijer Kim, Vos Rutger A, Vrieling Klaas, Gravendeel Barbara, Choi Young, Verpoorte Robert, Smit Chris, Beukeboom Leo W
Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute for Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Institute for Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
PeerJ. 2016 May 10;4:e1954. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1954. eCollection 2016.
The integration of invasive species into native food webs represent multifarious dynamics of ecological and evolutionary processes. We document incorporation of Prunus serotina (black cherry) into native insect food webs. We find that P. serotina harbours a herbivore community less dense but more diverse than its native relative, P. padus (bird cherry), with similar proportions of specialists and generalists. While herbivory on P. padus remained stable over the past century, that on P. serotina gradually doubled. We show that P. serotina may have evolved changes in investment in cyanogenic glycosides compared with its native range. In the leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata, recently shifted from native Sorbus aucuparia to P. serotina, we find divergent host preferences on Sorbus- versus Prunus-derived populations, and weak host-specific differentiation among 380 individuals genotyped for 119 SNP loci. We conclude that evolutionary processes may generate a specialized herbivore community on an invasive plant, allowing prognoses of reduced invasiveness over time. On the basis of the results presented here, we would like to caution that manual control might have the adverse effect of a slowing down of processes of adaptation, and a delay in the decline of the invasive character of P. serotina.
外来物种融入本地食物网呈现出生态和进化过程的多种动态。我们记录了黑樱桃（Prunus serotina）融入本地昆虫食物网的情况。我们发现，黑樱桃所拥有的草食动物群落密度低于其本土近缘种稠李（Prunus padus，稠李），但多样性更高， specialist和generalist的比例相似。在过去的一个世纪里，虽然稠李上的食草现象保持稳定，但黑樱桃上的食草现象逐渐增加了一倍。我们表明，与原生范围相比，黑樱桃可能在对氰苷的投入上发生了进化变化。在叶甲虫五斑角胸叶甲（Gonioctena quinquepunctata）中，该甲虫最近从本土的花楸（Sorbus aucuparia）转移到了黑樱桃上，我们发现其在花楸和黑樱桃种群上的寄主偏好存在差异，并且在对119个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点进行基因分型的380个个体中，寄主特异性分化较弱。我们得出结论，进化过程可能会在入侵植物上产生一个专门的草食动物群落，从而随着时间的推移预测入侵性降低。基于此处给出的结果，我们想提醒的是，人工控制可能会产生不利影响，即减缓适应过程，并延迟黑樱桃入侵特性的下降。
