Castro-Guerrero Norma A, Isidra-Arellano Mariel C, Mendoza-Cozatl David G, Valdés-López Oswaldo
Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, USA.
Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional de Leguminosas, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, México.
Front Plant Sci. 2016 May 3;7:600. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00600. eCollection 2016.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was domesticated ∼8000 years ago in the Americas and today is a staple food worldwide. Besides caloric intake, common bean is also an important source of protein and micronutrients and it is widely appreciated in developing countries for their affordability (compared to animal protein) and its long storage life. As a legume, common bean also has the economic and environmental benefit of associating with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, thus reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers, which is key for sustainable agriculture. Despite significant advances in the plant nutrition field, the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of common bean to low nutrient input remains largely unknown. The recent release of the common bean genome offers, for the first time, the possibility of applying techniques and approaches that have been exclusive to model plants to study the adaptive responses of common bean to challenging environments. In this review, we discuss the hallmarks of common bean domestication and subsequent distribution around the globe. We also discuss recent advances in phosphate, iron, and zinc homeostasis, as these nutrients often limit plant growth, development, and yield. In addition, iron and zinc are major targets of crop biofortification to improve human nutrition. Developing common bean varieties able to thrive under nutrient limiting conditions will have a major impact on human nutrition, particularly in countries where dry beans are the main source of carbohydrates, protein and minerals.
菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）约在8000年前于美洲被驯化，如今是全球的主食。除了提供热量摄入外，菜豆还是蛋白质和微量营养素的重要来源，并且因其价格实惠（与动物蛋白相比）和储存期长而在发展中国家广受青睐。作为一种豆类，菜豆还具有与固氮细菌共生的经济和环境效益，从而减少了合成肥料的使用，这对可持续农业至关重要。尽管植物营养领域取得了重大进展，但菜豆适应低养分投入的潜在机制仍 largely unknown。菜豆基因组的最新发布首次提供了应用模型植物所独有的技术和方法来研究菜豆对挑战性环境的适应性反应的可能性。在本综述中，我们讨论了菜豆驯化的标志以及随后在全球的分布情况。我们还讨论了磷、铁和锌稳态方面的最新进展，因为这些营养素常常限制植物的生长、发育和产量。此外，铁和锌是作物生物强化以改善人类营养的主要目标。培育能够在养分限制条件下茁壮成长的菜豆品种将对人类营养产生重大影响，尤其是在干豆是碳水化合物、蛋白质和矿物质主要来源的国家。
