Bassig Bryan A, Zhang Luoping, Vermeulen Roel, Tang Xiaojiang, Li Guilan, Hu Wei, Guo Weihong, Purdue Mark P, Yin Songnian, Rappaport Stephen M, Shen Min, Ji Zhiying, Qiu Chuangyi, Ge Yichen, Hosgood H Dean, Reiss Boris, Wu Banghua, Xie Yuxuan, Li Laiyu, Yue Fei, Freeman Laura E Beane, Blair Aaron, Hayes Richard B, Huang Hanlin, Smith Martyn T, Rothman Nathaniel, Lan Qing
Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Carcinogenesis. 2016 Jul;37(7):692-700. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgw053. Epub 2016 May 2.
Benzene, formaldehyde (FA) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are ubiquitous chemicals in workplaces and the general environment. Benzene is an established myeloid leukemogen and probable lymphomagen. FA is classified as a myeloid leukemogen but has not been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), whereas TCE has been associated with NHL but not myeloid leukemia. Epidemiologic associations between FA and myeloid leukemia, and between benzene, TCE and NHL are, however, still debated. Previously, we showed that these chemicals are associated with hematotoxicity in cross-sectional studies of factory workers in China, which included extensive personal monitoring and biological sample collection. Here, we compare and contrast patterns of hematotoxicity, monosomy 7 in myeloid progenitor cells (MPCs), and B-cell activation biomarkers across these studies to further evaluate possible mechanisms of action and consistency of effects with observed hematologic cancer risks. Workers exposed to benzene or FA, but not TCE, showed declines in cell types derived from MPCs, including granulocytes and platelets. Alterations in lymphoid cell types, including B cells and CD4+ T cells, and B-cell activation markers were apparent in workers exposed to benzene or TCE. Given that alterations in myeloid and lymphoid cell types are associated with hematological malignancies, our data provide biologic insight into the epidemiological evidence linking benzene and FA exposure with myeloid leukemia risk, and TCE and benzene exposure with NHL risk.
苯、甲醛（FA）和三氯乙烯（TCE）是工作场所及一般环境中普遍存在的化学物质。苯是一种已确定的髓系白血病致癌物和可能的淋巴瘤致癌物。FA被归类为髓系白血病致癌物，但与非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）无关，而TCE与NHL有关，但与髓系白血病无关。然而，FA与髓系白血病之间以及苯、TCE与NHL之间的流行病学关联仍存在争议。此前，我们在中国工厂工人的横断面研究中表明，这些化学物质与血液毒性有关，该研究包括广泛的个人监测和生物样本采集。在此，我们比较并对比这些研究中血液毒性模式、髓系祖细胞（MPC）中的7号染色体单体以及B细胞活化生物标志物，以进一步评估可能的作用机制以及与观察到的血液系统癌症风险相关的效应一致性。接触苯或FA但未接触TCE的工人，其源自MPC的细胞类型（包括粒细胞和血小板）数量下降。接触苯或TCE的工人中，包括B细胞和CD4+T细胞在内的淋巴细胞类型以及B细胞活化标志物出现了明显变化。鉴于髓系和淋巴细胞类型的改变与血液系统恶性肿瘤有关，我们的数据为将苯和FA暴露与髓系白血病风险以及TCE和苯暴露与NHL风险联系起来的流行病学证据提供了生物学见解。
