Olea López Ana Lorena, Johnson Laura
Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2016 May 26;11(5):e0156320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156320. eCollection 2016.
Obesity is a global public health priority. Restrained eating is related to obesity and total energy intake but associations with the eating patterns are unclear. We examined the associations of restrained eating with the size and frequency of intake occasions among 1213 British adult (19-64 y) participants in a cross-sectional analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2000. The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire assessed restrained eating. Overall intake occasions were all energy consumed in a 60 min period. A food-based classification separated intake occasions into meals, snacks, or drinks from seven-day weighed food diaries. Average daily frequency and size (kcal) of overall intake, meal, snack and drink occasions were calculated and associations with restrained eating were modelled using multiple linear regression including under-reporting of energy intake, age, gender, BMI, emotional eating, external eating and physical activity as covariates. Restrained eating was very weakly positively correlated with overall intake (r = 0.08, p<0.05) and meal frequency (r = 0.10, p<0.05) but not snack or drink frequency (r = 0.02 and -0.02 respectively). Adjusted regressions showed a one-point change in restrained eating was associated with 0.07 (95% CI 0.03, 0.11) more meal occasions/day and 0.13 (95% CI 0.01, 0.25) extra overall intake occasions/day. Overall intake occasion size was weakly negatively correlated with restrained eating regardless of type (r = -0.16 to -0.20, all p<0.0001). Adjusted regressions showed each one-point increase in restrained eating was associated with lower-energy meals (-15 kcal 95% CI -5.9, -24.2) and drinks (-4 kcal 95%CI -0.1, -8), but not snacks or overall intake occasions. Among a national sample of UK adults, greater restrained eating was associated with smaller and slightly more frequent eating, suggesting that restrained eaters restrict their energy intake by reducing meal/drink size rather than skipping snacks.
肥胖是全球公共卫生的重点问题。饮食节制与肥胖及总能量摄入有关，但与饮食模式的关联尚不清楚。在对2000年英国国家饮食与营养调查进行的横断面分析中，我们研究了1213名英国成年人（19 - 64岁）中饮食节制与进食次数及摄入量之间的关联。采用荷兰饮食行为问卷评估饮食节制情况。总体进食次数是指60分钟内摄入的所有能量。根据七天称重食物日记，基于食物的分类将进食次数分为餐食、零食或饮品。计算了总体进食、餐食、零食和饮品的平均每日频率及摄入量（千卡），并使用多元线性回归模型分析与饮食节制的关联，模型中纳入了能量摄入低报、年龄、性别、体重指数、情绪化饮食、外部饮食及身体活动作为协变量。饮食节制与总体摄入量（r = 0.08，p<0.05）及进餐频率（r = 0.10，p<0.05）呈非常弱的正相关，但与零食或饮品频率无关（分别为r = 0.02和 - 0.02）。校正回归显示，饮食节制得分每变化1分，与每天多0.07次（95%可信区间0.03, 0.11）进餐次数及多0.13次（95%可信区间0.01, 0.25）总体进食次数相关。无论类型如何，总体进食量与饮食节制呈弱负相关（r = -0.16至 -0.20，所有p<0.0001）。校正回归显示，饮食节制得分每增加1分，与能量较低的餐食（-15千卡，95%可信区间 -5.9, -24.2）及饮品（-4千卡，95%可信区间 -0.1, -8）相关，但与零食或总体进食次数无关。在英国成年人的全国样本中，更强的饮食节制与更小且稍频繁的进食相关，这表明饮食节制者通过减少餐食/饮品量而非不吃零食来限制能量摄入。
