Keegan Richard, Middleton Geoff, Henderson Hannah, Girling Mica
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Haydon Drive, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia.
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2016 May 26;16:438. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3098-6.
There is a lack of understanding of work aged adults' (30-60 years old) perspectives on the motivation of physical activity versus sedentariness. This study aims to: (1) identify which socio-environmental factors motivate physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, in adults aged 30-60 years; and (2) explore how these motivators interact and combine.
Fifteen work-aged adults who, were able to engage in physical activity (Mean age = 43.9 years; SD 9.6, range 31-59), participated in semi-structured interviews. Inductive content analysis was used to generate an inventory of socio-environmental factors and their specific influences on motivation towards physical activity or sedentariness.
Key socio-environmental agents found to influence motivation included: Spouse/partner, parents, children, siblings, whole family, grandchildren, friends, work-mates, neighbors, strangers, team-mates and class-mates, instructors, health care professionals, employers, gyms and health companies, governments, media and social media, cultural norms, and the physical environment. Mechanisms fell into five broad themes of socio-environmental motivation for both physical activity and sedentariness: (1) competence and progress; (2) informational influences, (3) emotional influences, (4) pragmatics and logistics, and (5) relationships. Similar socio-environmental factors were frequently reported as able to motivate both activity and sedentariness. Likewise, individual categories of influence could also motivate both behaviors, depending on context.
The findings of this paper 'unpack' theoretical concepts into specific and targeted behavioral recommendations. The data suggested no simple solutions for promoting physical activity or reducing sedentariness, but rather complex and interacting systems surrounding work-aged adults. Findings also suggest that health professionals should be encouraged to support adults' health by examining the socio-environmental motivational influences, or 'motivational atmosphere'.
对于工作年龄段成年人（30至60岁）在身体活动动机与久坐行为方面的观点，人们了解不足。本研究旨在：（1）确定在30至60岁的成年人中，哪些社会环境因素会促使他们进行身体活动和/或久坐行为；（2）探讨这些动机因素如何相互作用和结合。
15名能够进行身体活动的工作年龄段成年人（平均年龄 = 43.9岁；标准差9.6，年龄范围31至59岁）参与了半结构化访谈。采用归纳性内容分析法，生成一份社会环境因素清单及其对身体活动或久坐行为动机的具体影响。
发现影响动机的关键社会环境因素包括：配偶/伴侣、父母、子女、兄弟姐妹、整个家庭、孙辈、朋友、同事、邻居、陌生人、队友和同学、教练、医疗保健专业人员、雇主、健身房和健康公司、政府、媒体和社交媒体、文化规范以及物理环境。促使身体活动和久坐行为的社会环境动机机制大致可分为五个主题：（1）能力与进步；（2）信息影响；（3）情感影响；（4）实用性和后勤保障；（5）人际关系。经常有报告称，类似的社会环境因素既能促使身体活动，也能导致久坐行为。同样，根据具体情境，个别影响类别也可能促使这两种行为。
本文的研究结果将理论概念“拆解”为具体且有针对性的行为建议。数据表明，促进身体活动或减少久坐行为没有简单的解决方案，而是围绕工作年龄段成年人存在复杂且相互作用的系统。研究结果还表明，应鼓励健康专业人员通过审视社会环境动机影响或“动机氛围”来支持成年人的健康。
