健康中年人的营养摄入与大脑代谢：对认知老化的影响。
Nutrient intake and cerebral metabolism in healthy middle-aged adults: Implications for cognitive aging.
机构信息
a Department of Psychology , The University of Texas at Austin , USA.
b Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , The University of Texas at Austin , USA.
出版信息
Nutr Neurosci. 2017 Oct;20(8):489-496. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2016.1186341. Epub 2016 May 30.
OBJECTIVES
Growing evidence suggests dietary factors influence cognition, but the effects of nutrient intake on cerebral metabolism in adults are currently unknown. The present study investigated the relationship between major macronutrient intake (fat, carbohydrate, and protein) and cerebral neurochemical profiles in middle-aged adults.
METHODS
Thirty-six adults recorded dietary intake for 3 days prior to completing cognitive testing and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) scan. H-MRS of occipitoparietal gray matter was used to assess glutamate (Glu), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) relative to creatine (Cr) levels.
RESULTS
Regression analyses revealed that high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with lower cerebral Glu/Cr (P = 0.005), and high intake of saturated fat (SFA) was associated with poorer memory function (P = 0.030) independent of age, sex, education, estimated intelligence, total caloric intake, and body mass index.
DISCUSSION
In midlife, greater PUFA intake (ω-3 and ω-6) may be associated with lower cerebral glutamate, potentially indicating more efficient cellular reuptake of glutamate. SFA intake, on the other hand, was linked with poorer memory performance. These results suggest that dietary fat intake modification may be an important intervention target for the prevention of cognitive decline.
目的
越来越多的证据表明饮食因素会影响认知，但目前尚不清楚营养素摄入对成年人大脑代谢的影响。本研究调查了中年成年人主要宏量营养素（脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质）摄入与大脑神经化学特征之间的关系。
方法
36 名成年人在完成认知测试和质子磁共振波谱（H-MRS）扫描前记录了 3 天的饮食摄入量。使用枕顶叶灰质的 H-MRS 来评估谷氨酸（Glu）、N-乙酰天冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱（Cho）和肌醇（mI）与肌酸（Cr）水平的相对含量。
结果
回归分析显示，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）的高摄入量与大脑 Glu/Cr 降低有关（P=0.005），饱和脂肪（SFA）的高摄入量与记忆功能较差有关（P=0.030），这与年龄、性别、教育程度、估计智力、总热量摄入和体重指数无关。
讨论
在中年时期，更多的 PUFAs（ω-3 和 ω-6）摄入可能与大脑谷氨酸降低有关，这可能表明细胞对谷氨酸的再摄取效率更高。另一方面，SFA 的摄入与较差的记忆表现有关。这些结果表明，饮食中脂肪摄入的改变可能是预防认知能力下降的重要干预目标。
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