Hirata Harumi, Kitamura Kaori, Saito Toshiko, Kobayashi Ryosaku, Iwasaki Masanori, Yoshihara Akihiro, Watanabe Yumi, Oshiki Rieko, Nishiwaki Tomoko, Nakamura Kazutoshi
Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2016 Jun;239(2):95-101. doi: 10.1620/tjem.239.95.
Diet and food intake play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. However, apart from calcium and vitamin D, how nutrients affect bone status is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between dietary intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese postmenopausal women. This 5-year cohort study included 600 community-dwelling women aged 55-74 years at baseline in 2005. Information on demographics, nutrition, and lifestyle was obtained through interviews, and nutritional and dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. BMD measurements were performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. In 2010, 498 women underwent follow-up BMD examinations. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine associations of predictor variables with BMD, adjusting for confounders. In cross-sectional analyses, coffee or black tea consumption was positively associated with lumbar spine (P = 0.004) and total hip (P = 0.003) BMD, and alcohol intake was positively associated with femoral neck (P = 0.005) and total hip (P = 0.001) BMD. In longitudinal analyses, vitamin K (P = 0.028) and natto (fermented soybeans) (P = 0.023) were positively associated with lumbar spine BMD, and meat or meat product consumption was inversely associated with total hip (P = 0.047) BMD. In conclusion, dietary factors other than calcium and vitamin D intake are predictors of bone mass and bone loss in Japanese postmenopausal women. In particular, natto intake is recommended for preventing postmenopausal bone loss on the basis of current evidence.
饮食和食物摄入在骨质疏松症的发展过程中起着重要作用。然而，除了钙和维生素D之外，营养素如何影响骨骼状况尚未完全明确。本研究的目的是确定日本绝经后女性饮食摄入与骨密度（BMD）之间的横断面和纵向关联。这项为期5年的队列研究纳入了2005年基线时年龄在55 - 74岁的600名社区居住女性。通过访谈获取人口统计学、营养和生活方式信息，并使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估营养和饮食摄入情况。采用双能X线吸收法进行骨密度测量。2010年，498名女性接受了随访骨密度检查。进行多元线性回归分析以确定预测变量与骨密度的关联，并对混杂因素进行校正。在横断面分析中，饮用咖啡或红茶与腰椎骨密度（P = 0.004）和全髋骨密度（P = 0.003）呈正相关，饮酒与股骨颈骨密度（P = 0.005）和全髋骨密度（P = 0.001）呈正相关。在纵向分析中，维生素K（P = 0.028）和纳豆（发酵大豆）（P = 0.023）与腰椎骨密度呈正相关，肉类或肉类产品的摄入与全髋骨密度（P = 0.047）呈负相关。总之，除钙和维生素D摄入外，饮食因素是日本绝经后女性骨量和骨质流失的预测指标。特别是，根据目前的证据，建议摄入纳豆以预防绝经后骨质流失。
