Chen Tingji, Helminen Terhi M, Hietanen Jari K
a Human Information Processing Laboratory, School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.
Cogn Emot. 2017 Sep;31(6):1070-1082. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1188059. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
The present study investigated whether another individual's gaze direction influences an observer's affective responses. In Experiment 1, subjective self-ratings and an affective priming paradigm were employed to examine how participants explicitly and implicitly, respectively, evaluated the affective valence of direct gaze, averted gaze, and closed eyes. The explicit self-ratings showed that participants evaluated closed eyes more positively than direct gaze. However, the implicit priming task showed an inverse pattern of results indicating that direct gaze was automatically evaluated more positively than closed eyes were. Experiment 2 confirmed that the opposite patterns of results between the two tasks were not due to differences in presentation times of the gaze stimuli. The results provide evidence for automatic affective reactions to eye gaze and indicate a dissociation between explicit and implicit affective evaluations of eyes and gaze direction.
本研究调查了他人的注视方向是否会影响观察者的情感反应。在实验1中，采用主观自我评定和情感启动范式，分别考察参与者如何明确和隐含地评估直视、回避注视和闭眼的情感效价。明确的自我评定表明，参与者对闭眼的评价比对直视的评价更积极。然而，隐含的启动任务显示出相反的结果模式，表明直视比闭眼自动得到更积极的评价。实验2证实，两项任务之间相反的结果模式并非由于注视刺激呈现时间的差异。这些结果为对目光注视的自动情感反应提供了证据，并表明眼睛和注视方向的明确和隐含情感评价之间存在分离。
