Došen Ina, Andersen Birgitte, Phippen Christopher B W, Clausen Geo, Nielsen Kristian Fog
Section for Eukaryotic Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016 Aug;408(20):5513-26. doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9649-y. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
The filamentous fungus Stachybotrys chartarum is known for its toxic metabolites and has been associated with serious health problems, including mycotoxicosis, among occupants of contaminated buildings. Here, we present results from a case study, where an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for known and tentatively identified compounds characterized via UHPLC-quadruple time-of-flight (QTOF) screening of fungal culture extracts, wall scrapings and reference standards. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was able to identify 12 Stachybotrys metabolites, of which four could be quantified based on authentic standards and a further six estimated based on similarity to authentic standards. Samples collected from walls contaminated by S. chartarum in a water-damaged building showed that the two known chemotypes, S and A, coexisted. More importantly, a link between mycotoxin concentrations found on contaminated surfaces and in settled dust was made. One dust sample, collected from a water-damaged room, contained 10 pg/cm(2) macrocyclic trichothecenes (roridin E). For the first time, more than one spirocyclic drimane was detected in dust. Spirocyclic drimanes were detected in all 11 analysed dust samples and in total amounted to 600 pg/cm(2) in the water-damaged room and 340 pg/cm(2) in rooms adjacent to the water-damaged area. Their wide distribution in detectable amounts in dust suggested they could be good candidates for exposure biomarkers. Graphical abstract Stachybotrys growing on a gypsum board, and some of the compounds it produces.
丝状真菌chartarum因产生有毒代谢物而闻名，并且与受污染建筑物居住者的严重健康问题有关，包括霉菌毒素中毒。在此，我们展示了一个案例研究的结果，其中开发了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）方法，用于通过对真菌培养提取物、墙壁刮屑和参考标准品进行UHPLC-四极杆飞行时间（QTOF）筛选来鉴定已知和初步鉴定的化合物。UHPLC-MS/MS方法能够鉴定出12种chartarum代谢物，其中4种可以基于真实标准品进行定量，另外6种基于与真实标准品的相似性进行估算。从一栋受水损坏建筑物中被chartarum污染的墙壁上采集的样本表明，两种已知的化学型，即S型和A型共存。更重要的是，建立了污染表面上发现的霉菌毒素浓度与沉降灰尘中霉菌毒素浓度之间的联系。从一个受水损坏房间采集的一份灰尘样本中含有10 pg/cm²的大环单端孢霉烯族毒素（roridin E）。首次在灰尘中检测到不止一种螺环二萜。在所有11份分析的灰尘样本中都检测到了螺环二萜，在受水损坏的房间中总量达到600 pg/cm²，在与受水损坏区域相邻的房间中为340 pg/cm²。它们在灰尘中以可检测量广泛分布，表明它们可能是良好的暴露生物标志物候选物。图形摘要：chartarum在石膏板上生长及其产生的一些化合物。
