Kampitak Thatchai, Betschel Stephen D
Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto.
J Occup Health. 2016 Jul 22;58(4):381-3. doi: 10.1539/joh.16-0053-CS. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
Occupational allergy to rodents among laboratory animal workers is common. Most patients generally experience allergic symptoms after the first few years of work. Associated symptoms are usually mild, such as rhinoconjunctivits, urticaria, and asthma. Anaphylaxis, although rare, could be severe and life threatening.
We have described in this study two cases of laboratory workers that developed skin and respiratory reactions following laboratory rat and mouse bites, consistent with anaphylaxis.
Skin testing was found positive for rat epithelium in the patient with anaphylaxis due to rat bite. Elevated levels of specific IgE antibodies against rat and mouse epitheliums were also detected in both the patients.
These cases illustrate a severe hypersensitivity reaction that could potentially occur in occupational workers that are in close contact with rodents. Reduction of allergen exposure, regular screening, and job modification could be beneficial for affected individuals. Health care workers should be made aware that anaphylaxis could be a serious consequence of laboratory animal bites, particularly in those already sensitized.
实验动物工作人员对啮齿动物的职业性过敏很常见。大多数患者通常在工作的头几年后出现过敏症状。相关症状通常较轻,如鼻结膜炎、荨麻疹和哮喘。过敏反应虽然罕见,但可能很严重并危及生命。
我们在本研究中描述了两例实验室工作人员在被实验大鼠和小鼠咬伤后出现皮肤和呼吸道反应,符合过敏反应的情况。
因大鼠咬伤发生过敏反应的患者皮肤试验显示对大鼠上皮呈阳性。两名患者中均检测到针对大鼠和小鼠上皮的特异性IgE抗体水平升高。
这些病例表明,与啮齿动物密切接触的职业工人可能会发生严重的过敏反应。减少过敏原暴露、定期筛查和工作调整可能对受影响的个体有益。医护人员应意识到过敏反应可能是实验动物咬伤的严重后果,尤其是在那些已经致敏的人员中。