di Fronso Selenia, Robazza Claudio, Filho Edson, Bortoli Laura, Comani Silvia, Bertollo Maurizio
BIND - Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
BIND - Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
J Sports Sci Med. 2016 May 23;15(2):214-22. eCollection 2016 Jun.
This study focused on identifying the neural markers underlying optimal and suboptimal performance experiences of an elite air-pistol shooter, based on the tenets of the multi-action plan (MAP) model. According to the MAP model's assumptions, skilled athletes' cortical patterns are expected to differ among optimal/automatic (Type 1), optimal/controlled (Type 2), suboptimal/controlled (Type 3), and suboptimal/automatic (Type 4) performance experiences. We collected performance (target pistol shots), cognitive-affective (perceived control, accuracy, and hedonic tone), and cortical activity data (32-channel EEG) of an elite shooter. Idiosyncratic descriptive analyses revealed differences in perceived accuracy in regard to optimal and suboptimal performance states. Event-Related Desynchronization/Synchronization analysis supported the notion that optimal-automatic performance experiences (Type 1) were characterized by a global synchronization of cortical arousal associated with the shooting task, whereas suboptimal controlled states (Type 3) were underpinned by high cortical activity levels in the attentional brain network. Results are addressed in light of the neural efficiency hypothesis and reinvestment theory. Perceptual training recommendations aimed at restoring optimal performance levels are discussed. Key pointsWe investigated the neural markers underlying optimal and suboptimal performance experiences of an elite air-pistol shooter.Optimal/automatic performance is characterized by a global synchronization of cortical activity associated with the shooting task.Suboptimal controlled performance is characterized by high cortical arousal levels in the attentional brain networks.Focused Event Related Desynchronization activity during Type 1 performance in frontal midline theta was found, with a clear distribution of Event Related Synchronization in the frontal and central areas just prior to shot release.Event Related Desynchronization patterns in low Alpha band for Type 3 performance suggest that higher levels of general cortical arousal are associated with suboptimal-controlled performance states.
本研究基于多动作计划（MAP）模型的原则，致力于识别一名优秀气手枪射手最佳和次优表现体验背后的神经标志物。根据MAP模型的假设，熟练运动员的皮层模式在最佳/自动（1型）、最佳/受控（2型）、次优/受控（3型）和次优/自动（4型）表现体验中预计会有所不同。我们收集了一名优秀射手的表现（目标手枪射击）、认知情感（感知控制、准确性和享乐基调）以及皮层活动数据（32通道脑电图）。特质描述性分析揭示了最佳和次优表现状态下感知准确性的差异。事件相关去同步化/同步化分析支持了以下观点：最佳自动表现体验（1型）的特征是与射击任务相关的皮层唤醒的全局同步，而次优受控状态（3型）则以注意力脑网络中的高皮层活动水平为基础。研究结果根据神经效率假说和再投资理论进行阐述。讨论了旨在恢复最佳表现水平的感知训练建议。要点我们研究了一名优秀气手枪射手最佳和次优表现体验背后的神经标志物。最佳/自动表现的特征是与射击任务相关的皮层活动的全局同步。次优受控表现的特征是注意力脑网络中的高皮层唤醒水平。在1型表现的额中线θ频段发现了聚焦的事件相关去同步化活动，在射击释放前额叶和中央区域有明显的事件相关同步化分布。3型表现的低α频段事件相关去同步化模式表明，较高水平的一般皮层唤醒与次优受控表现状态相关。
