Raj Anita, Carr Phyllis L, Kaplan Samantha E, Terrin Norma, Breeze Janis L, Freund Karen M
A. Raj is professor of medicine and global public health and director, Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California. P.L. Carr is faculty member, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. S.E. Kaplan is assistant professor and assistant dean for diversity, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. N. Terrin is director, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. J.L. Breeze is epidemiologist, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. K.M. Freund is professor and vice chair of medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Acad Med. 2016 Aug;91(8):1074-9. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001251.
To examine gender differences in academic productivity, as indicated by publications and federal grant funding acquisition, among a longitudinal cohort of medical faculty from 24 U.S. medical schools, 1995 to 2012-2013.
Data for this research were taken from the National Faculty Survey involving a survey with medical faculty recruited from medical schools in 1995, and followed up in 2012-2013. Data included surveys and publication and grant funding databases. Outcomes were number of publications, h-index, and principal investigator on a federal grant in the prior two years. Gender differences were assessed using negative binomial regression models for publication and h-index outcomes, and logistic regression for the grant funding outcome; analyses adjusted for race/ethnicity, rank, specialty area, and years since first academic appointment.
Data were available for 1,244 of the 1,275 (98%) subjects eligible for the follow-up study. Men were significantly more likely than women to be married/partnered, have children, and hold the rank of professor (P < .0001). Adjusted regression models documented that women had a lower rate of publication (relative number = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.63, 0.81; P < .0001) and h-index (relative number = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.90; P < .0001) relative to men, but there was no gender difference in grant funding.
Women faculty acquired federal funding at similar rates as male faculty, yet lagged behind in terms of publications and their impact. Medical academia must consider how to help address ongoing gender disparities in publication records.
研究1995年至2012 - 2013年期间，来自美国24所医学院的纵向队列医学教员在学术产出方面的性别差异，学术产出以出版物和获得联邦资助来衡量。
本研究数据取自全国教员调查，该调查于1995年对从医学院招募的医学教员进行调查，并于2012 - 2013年进行随访。数据包括调查问卷、出版物和资助数据库。结果指标为出版物数量、h指数以及前两年联邦资助的主要研究者情况。使用负二项回归模型评估出版物和h指数结果的性别差异，使用逻辑回归评估资助结果的性别差异；分析对种族/民族、职级、专业领域以及首次学术任命后的年限进行了调整。
1275名符合随访研究条件的受试者中有1244名（98%）提供了数据。男性比女性更有可能已婚/有伴侣、有孩子且担任教授职级（P < .0001）。调整后的回归模型表明，与男性相比，女性的出版物发表率较低（相对数量 = 0.71；95%置信区间 = 0.63, 0.81；P < .0001），h指数也较低（相对数量 = 0.81；95%置信区间 = 0.73, 0.90；P < .0001），但在获得资助方面没有性别差异。
女性教员获得联邦资助的比例与男性教员相似，但在出版物数量及其影响力方面落后。医学学术界必须考虑如何帮助解决出版物记录中持续存在的性别差异问题。
