Pagani Danielle M, Heidrich Daiane, Paulino Gustavo V B, de Oliveira Alves Karine, Dalbem Paula T, de Oliveira Caroline F, Andrade Zélia M M, Silva Carolini, Correia Monica D, Scroferneker Maria Lúcia, Valente Patricia, Landell Melissa Fontes
Setor de Genética, ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
Arch Microbiol. 2016 Dec;198(10):963-971. doi: 10.1007/s00203-016-1254-0. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Candida is a common fungus with the capacity to cause infections in humans. However, most studies have concentrated on clinical isolates and little is known about the identity, ecology and drug resistance of free living species/strains. Here, we isolate eight strains of Candida haemulonii and four strains of Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis from three marine cnidarian zoanthids species (Palythoa caribaeorum, Palythoa variabilis and Zoanthus sociatus) collected from Brazilian coral reefs. Strains were identified by sequencing of the D1/D2 domain LSU rDNA and ITS region. We tested these environmental isolates for their capacity to grow in media with increasing concentration of NaCl, capacity to grow in different temperatures, enzymatic activity and antifungal susceptibility. For C. haemulonii, all strains strongly produced gelatinase, esterase and albuminase and were either able to express lipase, phospholipase and keratinase, but not express urease and DNase. The strains were able to grow at 37 °C, but not at 39 °C, and except for LMS 40, all of them could grow in a 10 % NaCl medium. All isolates were resistant to all antifungals tested, with exception for ketoconazole and tioconazole (MIC = 2 µg/mL). For C. dermatis, all strains could grow at 39 °C and could not express phospholipase, keratinase or gelatinase. However, all were capable of expressing urease, lipase and esterase. Three out of four strains could grow in a 10 % NaCl medium, but none grew in a 30 % NaCl medium. The strains showed high values of minimal inhibitory concentration. LMPV 90 was resistant to tioconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole and posaconazole, and LMS 38 was resistant to all antifungal agents tested. We discuss the characterization of C. haemulonii and C. dermatis as a possible emerging pathogen due to its animal-related enzymatic arsenal and antifungal resistance.
念珠菌是一种常见真菌，能够在人类中引起感染。然而，大多数研究都集中在临床分离株上，对于自由生活的物种/菌株的身份、生态学和耐药性知之甚少。在此，我们从采集自巴西珊瑚礁的三种海洋刺胞动物——加勒比绿纽扣珊瑚（Palythoa caribaeorum）、杂色绿纽扣珊瑚（Palythoa variabilis）和群居纽扣珊瑚（Zoanthus sociatus）中，分离出八株哈氏念珠菌（Candida haemulonii）和四株皮肤毛孢子菌（Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis）。通过对D1/D2结构域LSU rDNA和ITS区域进行测序来鉴定菌株。我们测试了这些环境分离株在NaCl浓度递增的培养基中生长的能力、在不同温度下生长的能力、酶活性以及抗真菌药敏性。对于哈氏念珠菌，所有菌株均强烈产生明胶酶、酯酶和白蛋白酶，并且要么能够表达脂肪酶、磷脂酶和角蛋白酶，要么不表达脲酶和DNA酶。这些菌株能够在37°C生长，但不能在39°C生长，除了LMS 40外，所有菌株都能在10% NaCl培养基中生长。所有分离株对所有测试的抗真菌药物均耐药，酮康唑和噻康唑除外（MIC = 2μg/mL）。对于皮肤毛孢子菌，所有菌株都能在39°C生长，并且不表达磷脂酶、角蛋白酶或明胶酶。然而，所有菌株都能够表达脲酶、脂肪酶和酯酶。四株菌株中有三株能够在10% NaCl培养基中生长，但没有一株能在30% NaCl培养基中生长。这些菌株显示出较高的最低抑菌浓度值。LMPV 90对噻康唑、特比萘芬、氟康唑和泊沙康唑耐药，LMS 38对所有测试的抗真菌药物均耐药。我们讨论了哈氏念珠菌和皮肤毛孢子菌因其与动物相关的酶库和抗真菌耐药性而作为一种可能的新兴病原体的特征。
