Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Norway; Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway.
Nurs Ethics. 2018 May;25(3):313-323. doi: 10.1177/0969733016652449. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
The importance of trust between patients and healthcare personnel is emphasised in nurses' and physicians' ethical codes. Trust is crucial for an effective healthcare personnel-patient relationship and thus for treatment and treatment outcomes. Cultural and linguistic differences may make building a trusting and positive relationship with ethnic minority patients particularly challenging. Although there is a great deal of research on cultural competence, there is a conspicuous lack of focus on the concepts of trust and distrust concerning ethnic minority patients, particularly in relation to the concept of 'othering'.
To study which factors help build trust or create distrust in encounters between healthcare professionals and hospitalised ethnic minority patients, as well as study the dynamic complexities inherent within the process of 'othering'.
Qualitative design, in-depth interviews and hermeneutic analysis. Participants and research context: The interviewees were 10 immigrant patients (six women and four men - eight Asians, two Africans - ages 32-85 years) recruited from a south-eastern Norwegian hospital. Ethical considerations: Study approval was obtained from the hospital's Privacy Ombudsman for Research and the hospital's leadership. Participation was voluntary and participants signed an informed consent form.
Distrust and othering may be caused by differences in belief systems, values, perceptions, expectations, and style of expression and behaviour. Othering is a reciprocal phenomenon in minority ethnic patient-healthcare personnel encounters, and it influences trust building negatively. Besides demonstrating general professional skill and competence, healthcare personnel require cultural competence to create trust.
患者与医护人员之间的信任对于护士和医生的伦理准则非常重要。信任对于有效的医患关系以及治疗和治疗结果至关重要。文化和语言差异可能会使与少数民族患者建立信任和积极的关系变得特别具有挑战性。尽管有大量关于文化能力的研究，但对于少数民族患者的信任和不信任概念，特别是与“他者化”概念相关的信任和不信任概念，关注明显不足。
研究医疗保健专业人员与住院少数民族患者相遇时哪些因素有助于建立信任或产生不信任，并研究“他者化”过程中固有的动态复杂性。
定性设计、深入访谈和解释学分析。参与者和研究背景：受访者是从挪威东南部一家医院招募的 10 名移民患者（6 名女性和 4 名男性——8 名亚洲人，2 名非洲人——年龄 32-85 岁）。
本研究获得了医院研究隐私专员和医院领导层的批准。参与是自愿的，参与者签署了知情同意书。
不信任和他者化可能是由于信仰体系、价值观、观念、期望以及表达和行为方式的差异引起的。在少数民族患者与医疗保健人员的相遇中，他者化是一种相互的现象，会对建立信任产生负面影响。除了展示一般的专业技能和能力外，医疗保健人员还需要文化能力来建立信任。
