The essential function of the Trypanosoma brucei Trl1 homolog in procyclic cells is maturation of the intron-containing tRNATyr.

Trypanosoma brucei, the etiologic agent of sleeping sickness, encodes a single intron-containing tRNA, tRNA(Tyr), and splicing is essential for its viability. In Archaea and Eukarya, tRNA splicing requires a series of enzymatic steps that begin with intron cleavage by a tRNA-splicing endonuclease and culminates with joining the resulting tRNA exons by a splicing tRNA ligase. Here we explored the function of TbTrl1, the T. brucei homolog of the yeast Trl1 tRNA ligase. We used a combination of RNA interference and molecular biology approaches to show that down-regulation of TbTrl1 expression leads to accumulation of intron-containing tRNA(Tyr) and a concomitant growth arrest at the G1 phase. These defects were efficiently rescued by expression of an "intronless" version of tRNA(Tyr) in the same RNAi cell line. Taken together, these experiments highlight the crucial importance of the TbTrl1 for tRNA(Tyr) maturation and viability, while revealing tRNA splicing as its only essential function.