Horstick Eric J, Mueller Thomas, Burgess Harold A
a Division of Developmental Biology , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda , MD , USA ;
b Division of Biology , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.
J Neurogenet. 2016 Jun;30(2):122-32. doi: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1177048. Epub 2016 Jun 13.
Over the course of each day, animals prioritize different objectives. Immediate goals may reflect fluctuating internal homeostatic demands, prompting individuals to seek out energy supplies or warmth. At other times, the environment may present temporary challenges or opportunities. Homeostatic demands and environmental signals often elicit persistent changes in an animal's behavior to meet needs and challenges over extended periods of time. These changes reflect the underlying motivational state of the animal. The larval zebrafish has been established as an effective genetically tractable vertebrate system to study neural circuits for sensory-motor reflexes. Fewer studies have exploited zebrafish to study brain circuits that control motivated behavior. In part this is because appropriate conceptual frameworks, anatomical knowledge, and behavioral paradigms are not yet well established. This review sketches a general conceptual framework for studying motivated state control in animal models, how this applies to larval zebrafish, and the current knowledge on neuroanatomical substrates for state control in this model.
在每一天的过程中，动物会对不同的目标进行优先级排序。即时目标可能反映出不断变化的内部稳态需求，促使个体去寻找能量供应或温暖。在其他时候，环境可能会带来临时的挑战或机遇。稳态需求和环境信号常常引发动物行为的持续变化，以满足长期的需求和应对挑战。这些变化反映了动物潜在的动机状态。幼体斑马鱼已被确立为一种有效的、具有遗传易处理性的脊椎动物系统，用于研究感觉运动反射的神经回路。利用斑马鱼研究控制动机行为的脑回路的研究较少。部分原因是合适的概念框架、解剖学知识和行为范式尚未完全确立。本综述勾勒了一个用于研究动物模型中动机状态控制的一般概念框架，以及该框架如何应用于幼体斑马鱼，同时还介绍了该模型中关于状态控制的神经解剖学基础的当前知识。
