Reiersen Angela M
Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, MO, USA.
Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol. 2016;4(1):36-43. doi: 10.21307/sjcapp-2016-007.
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by varying levels of hallucinations, delusions, negative symptoms, and disorganized features. The presence and severity of neurodevelopmental precursors and premorbid psychopathology also vary among individuals. To fully understand individual patients and to sort out phenotypic heterogeneity for genetic research studies, instruments designed to collect developmental history relevant to schizophrenia may be helpful.
The goal was to describe a pair of self-report and parent-report instruments developed for the purpose of collecting the developmental history of patients with known or suspected schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Two developmental history instruments were designed for use in studies of brain morphology and cognition in schizophrenia probands and their unaffected siblings. The instruments focus mainly on motor abnormalities and other features that have been described as schizophrenia precursors.
The Motor Skills History Form is a brief self-report form that asks about patients' childhood and adolescent motor abilities as well as their current motor functioning. The Developmental & Motor History Form is a more detailed parent-rated form that covers aspects of patients' early (infant/preschool) development; their childhood and adolescent motor abilities; any childhood behaviors that may be related to later psychosis risk; and their history of any neurological, emotional, or cognitive disorders diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. The instruments can be used either for interviews or as self-administered questionnaires. The parent-rated form has been used for research and for the clinical assessment of children and adolescents with complex neurodevelopmental presentations with or without strong evidence of schizophrenia risk.
The collection of developmental history information is important when evaluating individuals with schizophrenia and related disorders. The Motor Skills History Form and the Developmental & Motor History Form can be used to collect this information for clinical evaluation or research purposes.
精神分裂症是一种异质性疾病，其特征为幻觉、妄想、阴性症状及紊乱症状的程度各异。神经发育前驱症状及病前精神病理学的存在及严重程度在个体间也有所不同。为全面了解个体患者并梳理遗传研究中的表型异质性，设计用于收集与精神分裂症相关发育史的工具可能会有所帮助。
旨在描述一对为收集已知或疑似精神分裂症谱系障碍患者的发育史而开发的自我报告和家长报告工具。
设计了两种发育史工具，用于精神分裂症先证者及其未患病同胞的脑形态学和认知研究。这些工具主要关注运动异常及其他被描述为精神分裂症前驱症状的特征。
运动技能史表格是一份简短的自我报告表格，询问患者童年和青少年时期的运动能力以及他们当前的运动功能。发育与运动史表格是一份更详细的家长评定表格，涵盖患者早期（婴儿/学龄前）发育的各个方面；他们童年和青少年时期的运动能力；任何可能与后期精神病风险相关的童年行为；以及他们在童年或青少年时期被诊断出的任何神经、情绪或认知障碍的病史。这些工具既可以用于访谈，也可以作为自填式问卷使用。家长评定表格已用于对有或无精神分裂症风险有力证据的复杂神经发育表现的儿童和青少年的研究及临床评估。
在评估精神分裂症及相关障碍患者时，收集发育史信息很重要。运动技能史表格和发育与运动史表格可用于收集此类信息，以用于临床评估或研究目的。
