Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2016 Aug 4;54:121-42. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100114. Epub 2016 May 25.
Colonization of plants by particular endophytic fungi can provide plants with improved defenses toward nematodes. Evidently, such endophytes can be important in developing more sustainable agricultural practices. The mechanisms playing a role in this quantitative antagonism are poorly understood but most likely multifactorial. This knowledge gap obstructs the progress regarding the development of endophytes or endophyte-derived constituents into biocontrol agents. In part, this may be caused by the fact that endophytic fungi form a rather heterogeneous group. By combining the knowledge of the currently characterized antagonistic endophytic fungi and their effects on nematode behavior and biology with the knowledge of microbial competition and induced plant defenses, the various mechanisms by which this nematode antagonism operates or may operate are discussed. Now that new technologies are becoming available and more accessible, the currently unresolved mechanisms can be studied in greater detail than ever before.
植物被特定内生真菌定殖可以为植物提供对线虫更好的防御。显然，内生真菌在开发更可持续的农业实践中可能很重要。在这种定量拮抗中起作用的机制知之甚少，但很可能是多因素的。这一知识空白阻碍了将内生菌或内生菌衍生成分开发为生物防治剂的进展。部分原因可能是内生真菌形成了一个相当异质的群体。通过将目前特征化的拮抗内生真菌及其对线虫行为和生物学的影响与微生物竞争和诱导植物防御的知识相结合，讨论了这种线虫拮抗作用的各种可能的作用机制。现在，新技术变得越来越可用和易于获得，可以比以往任何时候都更详细地研究目前尚未解决的机制。
