Horcajo P, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Aguado-Martínez A, Hemphill A, Ortega-Mora L M
SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Parasite Immunol. 2016 Dec;38(12):709-723. doi: 10.1111/pim.12342. Epub 2016 Jul 7.
Bovine neosporosis is a worldwide concern due to its global distribution and great economic impact. Reproductive failure in cattle due to abortion leads to major economic losses associated with the disease. Currently, there is no treatment or vaccine available against abortion or transmission caused by Neospora caninum infection in cattle. However, vaccination is considered the best measure of control against bovine neosporosis. Several host and parasite factors can influence the dynamics of the infection in bovines. Moreover, the availability of well-defined infection models is a key factor for the evaluation of vaccine candidates. However, working with cattle is not easy due to difficult handling, facilities and costs, and therefore, 'more affordable' models could be used for screening of promising vaccines to establish proof of concept. So far, live-attenuated vaccines have shown good efficacy against exogenous transplacental transmission; however, they have relevant disadvantages and associated risks, which render inactivated or subunit vaccines the best way forward. The identification of novel potential targets and vaccines, and the application of innovative vaccine technologies in harmonized experimental animal models, will accelerate the development of an effective vaccine against bovine neosporosis.
牛新孢子虫病因其全球分布和巨大的经济影响而受到全球关注。牛因流产导致的生殖失败会造成与该疾病相关的重大经济损失。目前，尚无针对牛感染犬新孢子虫引起的流产或传播的治疗方法或疫苗。然而，疫苗接种被认为是控制牛新孢子虫病的最佳措施。几个宿主和寄生虫因素会影响牛感染的动态变化。此外，明确的感染模型的可用性是评估候选疫苗的关键因素。然而，由于处理困难、设施和成本问题，使用牛进行研究并不容易，因此，可以使用“更经济实惠”的模型来筛选有前景的疫苗以建立概念验证。到目前为止，减毒活疫苗已显示出对外源性经胎盘传播具有良好的疗效；然而，它们存在相关的缺点和风险，这使得灭活疫苗或亚单位疫苗成为最佳选择。在统一的实验动物模型中鉴定新的潜在靶点和疫苗，以及应用创新的疫苗技术，将加速开发针对牛新孢子虫病的有效疫苗。
