Fleming Andrew P, McMahon Robert J, King Kevin M
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
The Seattle Clinic, 3245 Fairview Ave E, Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
Prev Sci. 2017 Apr;18(3):257-267. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0672-1.
Structured observations of parent-child interactions are commonly used in research and clinical settings, but require additional empirical support. The current study examined the capacity of child-directed play, parent-directed play, and parent-directed chore interaction analogs to uniquely predict the development of conduct problems across a 6-year follow-up period. Parent-child observations were collected from 338 families from high-risk neighborhoods during the summer following the child's first-grade year. Participating children were 49.2 % female, 54.4 % white, and 45.6 % black, and had an average age of 7.52 years at the first assessment. Conduct problems were assessed via parent report and teacher report at five assessment points between first grade and seventh grade. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze predictors of conduct problem trajectory across this 6-year follow-up period. When race, sex, socioeconomic status, and maternal depressive symptoms were controlled, parental negative attention during child-directed play predicted higher levels of parent-reported conduct problems concurrently and after a 6-year follow-up period. Parental negative attention during child-directed play also predicted higher teacher-reported conduct problems 6 years later. Findings support the use of child-directed play and parent-directed chore analogs in predicting longitudinal development of conduct problems. The presence of parental negative attention during child-directed play appears to be an especially important predictor of greater conduct problems over time and across multiple domains. Additionally, the potential importance of task-incongruent behavior is proposed for further study.
对亲子互动的结构化观察在研究和临床环境中普遍使用，但需要更多实证支持。本研究考察了以儿童为主导的游戏、以家长为主导的游戏以及以家长为主导的家务互动模拟活动在长达6年的随访期内对品行问题发展进行独特预测的能力。在孩子一年级后的那个夏天，从338个来自高危社区的家庭收集了亲子观察数据。参与研究的儿童中，49.2%为女性，54.4%为白人，45.6%为黑人，首次评估时的平均年龄为7.52岁。在一年级到七年级的五个评估点，通过家长报告和教师报告对品行问题进行评估。使用潜在增长曲线模型分析这6年随访期内品行问题轨迹的预测因素。在控制了种族、性别、社会经济地位和母亲抑郁症状后，以儿童为主导的游戏过程中家长的负面关注预示着同时期以及6年随访期后家长报告的更高水平的品行问题。以儿童为主导的游戏过程中家长的负面关注还预示着6年后教师报告的更高水平的品行问题。研究结果支持使用以儿童为主导的游戏和以家长为主导的家务模拟活动来预测品行问题的纵向发展。在以儿童为主导的游戏过程中家长负面关注的存在似乎是随着时间推移和跨多个领域出现更多品行问题的一个特别重要的预测因素。此外，还提出任务不一致行为的潜在重要性以供进一步研究。
