Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
Cell Metab. 2016 Jul 12;24(1):41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
The gut microbiota is considered a metabolic "organ" that not only facilitates harvesting of nutrients and energy from the ingested food but also produces numerous metabolites that signal through their cognate receptors to regulate host metabolism. One such class of metabolites, bile acids, is produced in the liver from cholesterol and metabolized in the intestine by the gut microbiota. These bioconversions modulate the signaling properties of bile acids via the nuclear farnesoid X receptor and the G protein-coupled membrane receptor 5, which regulate numerous metabolic pathways in the host. Conversely, bile acids can modulate gut microbial composition both directly and indirectly through activation of innate immune genes in the small intestine. Thus, host metabolism can be affected through microbial modifications of bile acids, which lead to altered signaling via bile acid receptors, but also by altered microbiota composition.
肠道微生物群被认为是一种代谢“器官”，它不仅有助于从摄入的食物中获取营养和能量，还产生许多代谢物，通过其同源受体发出信号，调节宿主的新陈代谢。胆汁酸就是其中一类代谢物，它在肝脏中由胆固醇产生，并在肠道中被肠道微生物群代谢。这些生物转化通过核法尼醇 X 受体和 G 蛋白偶联膜受体 5 调节胆汁酸的信号转导特性，这些受体调节宿主中许多代谢途径。相反，胆汁酸可以通过激活小肠中的先天免疫基因直接和间接地调节肠道微生物群落组成。因此，宿主代谢可以通过微生物对胆汁酸的修饰来影响，这导致通过胆汁酸受体改变信号传递，但也可以通过改变微生物群落组成来影响。
