Xavier Ana, Cunha Marina, Pinto-Gouveia José
Universidade de Coimbra(Portugal).
Instituto Superior Miguel Torga(Portugal).
Span J Psychol. 2016 Jun 20;19:E37. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2016.41.
Rumination has a crucial role in the onset, severity and maintenance of depression in adolescent and adult populations. The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) is the most widely self-report instrument used to assess individual differences in the tendency to engage in ruminative responses style. This paper aims to test the factor structure of the 10-item RRS and the gender-based measurement invariance, in a community sample of adolescents, using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Participants were 542 adolescents (53% females) with a mean age of 14 years old (SD = 1.75) from middle and secondary schools (years of education's mean = 9.46, SD = 1.60) in Portugal. Results confirm the two-factor structure of the RRS composed by brooding and reflection dimensions (GFI = .93, CFI = .90, TLI = .87, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .11, 90% C.I. [0.092 to 0.121]) and the invariance across gender (GFI = .91, CFI = .89, TLI = .85, RMSEA = .08, 90% C.I. [0.069 to 0.090], p < .001). RRS and their dimensions presented a good internal reliability (Brooding: α = .80; Reflection: α = .75; RRS total: α = .85). Brooding and reflection dimensions revealed moderate correlations with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (p < .001). Multiple Regression Analysis through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) showed that brooding is significantly and strongly associated with internalizing symptoms (p < .001). Female adolescents reported more levels of rumination than male adolescents. Overall, these findings support the usefulness of the Portuguese version of RRS and suggest that this short version is an economical, valid and reliable measure to assess ruminative response styles in adolescence.
沉思在青少年和成年人群体抑郁症的发作、严重程度及持续存在方面起着关键作用。沉思反应量表（RRS）是用于评估个体在采用沉思反应方式倾向上的个体差异时使用最广泛的自我报告工具。本文旨在通过验证性因素分析，在青少年社区样本中检验10项RRS的因素结构及基于性别的测量不变性。参与者为来自葡萄牙中小学的542名青少年（53%为女性），平均年龄14岁（标准差 = 1.75），受教育年限平均为9.46年（标准差 = 1.60）。结果证实了RRS的双因素结构，由沉思和反思维度组成（GFI = 0.93，CFI = 0.90，TLI = 0.87，SRMR = 0.05，RMSEA = 0.11，90%置信区间[0.092至0.121]）以及跨性别不变性（GFI = 0.91，CFI = 0.89，TLI = 0.85，RMSEA = 0.08，90%置信区间[0.069至0.090]，p < 0.001）。RRS及其维度呈现出良好的内部信度（沉思：α = 0.80；反思：α = 0.75；RRS总分：α = 0.85）。沉思和反思维度与抑郁、焦虑及压力症状呈现出中等程度的相关性（p < 0.001）。通过结构方程模型（SEM）进行的多元回归分析表明，沉思与内化症状显著且强烈相关（p < 0.001）。女性青少年报告的沉思水平高于男性青少年。总体而言，这些发现支持了葡萄牙语版RRS的实用性，并表明这个简短版本是评估青少年沉思反应方式的一种经济、有效且可靠的测量工具。
