Türkösi Edina, Cseh András, Darkó Éva, Molnár-Láng Márta
Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Martonvásár, P.O. Box 19, Hungary.
BMC Genet. 2016 Jun 21;17(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12863-016-0393-2.
Cultivated barley belongs to the tertiary genepool of hexaploid wheat. Genes of interest can be transferred from barley into wheat through wide hybridization. The application of wheat-barley introgression lines could provide an excellent tool for the transfer of earliness, favourable amino acid composition, biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, or good tillering ability into wheat.
A set of 10 wheat-barley ditelosomic addition lines (2HS, 2HL, 3HS, 3HL, 4HS, 4HL, 6HS, 6HL, 7HS and 7HL) was developed from the progenies of an Asakaze/Manas wheat-barley hybrid produced in Martonvásár, Hungary. The addition lines were selected from self-fertilized plants of the BC2F2-BC2F4 generations using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes [HvT01, (GAA)7 and centromere-specific (AGGGAG)4 probes]. The cytogenetic identification was confirmed using barley arm-specific SSR and STS markers. The ditelosomic additions were propagated in the phytotron and in the field, and morphological parameters (plant height, tillering, length of the main spike, number of seeds/spike and seeds/plant, and spike characteristics) were described. In addition, the salt stress response of the ditelosomic additions was determined.
The six-rowed winter barley cultivar Manas is much better adapted to Central European environmental conditions than the two-rowed spring barley Betzes previously used in wheat-barley crosses. The production of wheat-barley ditelosomic addition lines has a wide range of applications both for breeding (transfer of useful genes to the recipient species) and for basic research (mapping of barley genes, genetic and evolutionary studies and heterologous expression of barley genes in the wheat background).
栽培大麦属于六倍体小麦的三级基因库。感兴趣的基因可通过远缘杂交从大麦转移到小麦中。小麦 - 大麦渐渗系的应用可为将早熟性、良好的氨基酸组成、生物胁迫抗性、非生物胁迫耐受性或良好的分蘖能力转移到小麦中提供一个出色的工具。
从匈牙利马尔通瓦萨尔培育的浅间风/马纳斯小麦 - 大麦杂交后代中培育出一组10个小麦 - 大麦双端体附加系（2HS、2HL、3HS、3HL、4HS、4HL、6HS、6HL、7HS和7HL）。利用基因组原位杂交（GISH）从BC2F2 - BC2F4代的自交植株中筛选出这些附加系，并通过用重复DNA探针[HvT01、(GAA)7和着丝粒特异性(AGGGAG)4探针]进行荧光原位杂交（FISH）进行鉴定。使用大麦臂特异性SSR和STS标记对细胞遗传学鉴定进行了确认。双端体附加系在人工气候室和田间进行繁殖，并描述了形态学参数（株高、分蘖、主穗长度、每穗种子数和每株种子数以及穗部特征）。此外，还测定了双端体附加系的盐胁迫反应。
六行冬大麦品种马纳斯比之前用于小麦 - 大麦杂交的两行春大麦贝茨更能适应中欧的环境条件。小麦 - 大麦双端体附加系的产生在育种（将有用基因转移到受体物种）和基础研究（大麦基因定位、遗传和进化研究以及大麦基因在小麦背景下的异源表达）方面都有广泛的应用。
