Zalewski Andrzej, Zalewska Hanna, Lunneryd Sven-Gunnar, André Carl, Mikusiński Grzegorz
Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland.
Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lysekil, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 22;11(6):e0157972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157972. eCollection 2016.
Eradication and population reductions are often used to mitigate the negative impacts of non-native invasive species on native biodiversity. However, monitoring the effectiveness of non-native species control programmes is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these measures. Genetic monitoring could provide valuable insights into temporal changes in demographic, ecological, and evolutionary processes in invasive populations being subject to control programmes. Such programmes should cause a decrease in effective population size and/or in genetic diversity of the targeted non-native species and an increase in population genetic structuring over time. We used microsatellite DNA data from American mink (Neovison vison) to determine whether the removal of this predator on the Koster Islands archipelago and the nearby Swedish mainland affected genetic variation over six consecutive years of mink culling by trappers as part of a population control programme. We found that on Koster Islands allelic richness decreased (from on average 4.53 to 3.55), genetic structuring increased, and effective population size did not change. In contrast, the mink population from the Swedish coast showed no changes in genetic diversity or structure, suggesting the stability of this population over 6 years of culling. Effective population size did not change over time but was higher on the coast than on the islands across all years. Migration rates from the islands to the coast were almost two times higher than from the coast to the islands. Most migrants leaving the coast were localised on the southern edge of the archipelago, as expected from the direction of the sea current between the two sites. Genetic monitoring provided valuable information on temporal changes in the population of American mink suggesting that this approach can be used to evaluate and improve control programmes of invasive vertebrates.
根除和种群数量减少通常被用于减轻非本地入侵物种对本地生物多样性的负面影响。然而，监测非本地物种控制计划的有效性对于评估这些措施的成效是必要的。基因监测可以为受控制计划影响的入侵种群的人口统计学、生态学和进化过程的时间变化提供有价值的见解。此类计划应导致目标非本地物种的有效种群大小和/或遗传多样性下降，并随着时间的推移增加种群遗传结构。我们使用美洲水貂（Neovison vison）的微卫星DNA数据，来确定在科斯特群岛群岛和附近瑞典大陆捕杀这种捕食者，是否会影响作为种群控制计划一部分的连续六年诱捕者捕杀水貂过程中的遗传变异。我们发现，在科斯特群岛，等位基因丰富度下降（从平均4.53降至3.55），遗传结构增加，有效种群大小没有变化。相比之下，瑞典海岸的水貂种群在遗传多样性或结构上没有变化，表明该种群在六年的捕杀过程中保持稳定。有效种群大小随时间没有变化，但在所有年份中，海岸地区的有效种群大小都高于岛屿地区。从岛屿到海岸的迁移率几乎是从海岸到岛屿的两倍。正如从两个地点之间的海流方向所预期的那样，大多数离开海岸的迁徙者集中在群岛的南部边缘。基因监测提供了关于美洲水貂种群时间变化的有价值信息，表明这种方法可用于评估和改进入侵脊椎动物的控制计划。
