MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jun 24;65(24):627-8. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6524e2.
Transfusion-transmitted infections have been documented for several arboviruses, including West Nile and dengue viruses (1). Zika virus, a flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that has been identified as a cause of congenital microcephaly and other serious brain defects (2), became recognized as a potential threat to blood safety after reports from a 2013-2014 outbreak in French Polynesia. Blood safety concerns were based on very high infection incidence in the population at large during epidemics, the high percentage of persons with asymptomatic infection, the high proportion of blood donations with evidence of Zika virus nucleic acid upon retrospective testing, and an estimated 7-10-day period of viremia (3). At least one instance of transfusion transmission of Zika virus has been documented in Brazil after the virus emerged there, likely in 2014 (4). Rapid epidemic spread has followed to other areas of the Americas, including Puerto Rico.
已记录了几种虫媒病毒（包括西尼罗河病毒和登革热病毒）的输血传播感染（1）。寨卡病毒是一种黄病毒，主要通过埃及伊蚊传播，已被确定为导致先天性小头畸形和其他严重脑缺陷的原因（2）。在 2013-2014 年法属波利尼西亚暴发后，该病毒被认为是对血液安全的潜在威胁。血液安全问题的依据是，在流行期间，人群中普遍存在极高的感染发生率、无症状感染的比例很高、大量献血者在回溯性检测时出现寨卡病毒核酸证据，以及估计有 7-10 天的病毒血症期（3）。在巴西出现寨卡病毒后，至少有一例该病毒的输血传播被记录下来，可能发生在 2014 年（4）。随后该病毒迅速在美洲其他地区（包括波多黎各）传播。
