Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Jun;4(3). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0003-2015.
The concept of the immunological privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) has had a profound influence on studies of interactions between the immune system and the CNS. At one time there was considerable debate as to whether there were any cells in the CNS of myeloid origin, but we now know that there are a number of populations of myeloid cells in specialized compartments of the CNS and that there is an ongoing bidirectional dialogue between the CNS and the immune system. We briefly review what we know of the different myeloid populations, in particular the microglia: their phenotype and function; their role in CNS homeostasis; and also their role in pathology, focusing on chronic neurodegeneration.
中枢神经系统（CNS）的免疫学特权概念对免疫系统和 CNS 之间相互作用的研究产生了深远的影响。曾经有相当多的争论是关于CNS 中是否存在髓系细胞，但我们现在知道CNS 中有许多专门的髓系细胞群体，而且 CNS 和免疫系统之间存在着持续的双向对话。我们简要回顾了我们对不同髓系群体的了解，特别是小胶质细胞：它们的表型和功能；它们在 CNS 稳态中的作用；以及它们在病理学中的作用，重点是慢性神经退行性变。
