Sharma Bikash, Bruner Ann, Barnett Gabrielle, Fishman Marc
Mountain Manor Treatment Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mountain Manor Treatment Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2016 Jul;25(3):473-87. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Apr 9.
Opioid use and addiction in adolescents and young adults is a health problem of epidemic proportions, with devastating consequences for youth and their families. Opioid overdose is a life-threatening emergency that should be treated with naloxone, and respiratory support if necessary. Overdose should always be an opportunity to initiate addiction treatment. Detoxification is often a necessary, but never sufficient, component of treatment for OUDs. Treatment for OUDs is effective but treatment capacity is alarmingly limited and under-developed. Emerging consensus supports the incorporation of relapse prevention medications such as buprenorphine and extended release naltrexone into comprehensive psychosocial treatment including counseling and family involvement.
青少年和青年中的阿片类药物使用及成瘾是一个具有流行程度的健康问题，给青少年及其家庭带来了毁灭性后果。阿片类药物过量是一种危及生命的紧急情况，应使用纳洛酮进行治疗，必要时给予呼吸支持。过量用药始终应成为启动成瘾治疗的契机。脱毒往往是阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的一个必要但绝不充分的组成部分。阿片类药物使用障碍的治疗是有效的，但治疗能力却极其有限且发展不足。新出现的共识支持将丁丙诺啡和长效纳曲酮等预防复发药物纳入包括咨询和家庭参与在内的综合心理社会治疗中。
